Introduction: Current diagnoses in psychiatry are solely based on the evaluation of clinical presentation by the treating psychiatrist. This results in a high percentage of misdiagnosis and consequential inefficient treatment; especially regarding major depressive disorder (MDD), depression in the context of bipolar disorder (BD-D), bipolar disorder with manic symptoms (BD-M), and psychosis in the context of schizophrenia (SZ). Objective biomarkers allowing for accurate discriminatory diagnostics are therefore urgently needed. Methods: Peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) proteomes of patients with MDD (n = 5) , BD-D (n = 3), BD-M (n = 4), and SZ (n = 4), and also of healthy controls (HC; n = 6) were analyzed by state-of-the-art mass spectrometry. Proteins with a differential expression of a #x3e;2 standard deviation (SD) expression fold change from that of the HC and between either MDD versus BD-D or BD-M versus SZ were subsequently identified as potential discriminatory biomarkers. Results: In total, 4,271 individual proteins were retrieved from the HC. Of these, about 2,800 were detected in all patient and HC samples. For objective discrimination between MDD and BD-D, 66 candidate biomarkers were found. In parallel, 72 proteins might harbor a biomarker capacity for differential diagnostics of BD-M and SZ. A single biomarker was contraregulated versus HC in each pair of comparisons. Discussion: With this work, we provide a register of candidate biomarkers with the potential to objectively discriminate MDD from BD-D, and BD-M from SZ. Although concerning a proof-of-concept study with limited sample size, these data provide a stepping-stone for follow-up research on the validation of the true discriminatory potential and feasibility of clinical implementation of the discovered biomarker candidates.
Neuropsychobiology

中文翻译：

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精神分裂症和情绪障碍中外周血单核细胞蛋白质组的分析，以发现歧视性生物标志物：概念验证研究。

简介：当前的精神病学诊断仅基于治疗的精神病医生对临床表现的评估。这导致较高的误诊率和相应的低效治疗；特别是关于重度抑郁症（MDD），双相情感障碍（BD-D）下的抑郁症，躁狂症状的双相情感障碍（BD-M）和精神分裂症（SZ）下的精神病。因此，迫切需要能够进行准确的鉴别诊断的客观生物标记。方法： MDD（ n = 5），BD-D（ n = 3），BD-M（ n = 4）和SZ（ n = 4）以及健康的患者的外周血单个核细胞（PBMC）蛋白质组控制（HC;n = 6）用最先进的质谱分析。随后鉴定出具有与HC的差异为＃x3e; 2标准差（SD）表达倍数变化的蛋白质，以及MDD与BD-D或BD-M与SZ之间的差异表达蛋白质，它们是潜在的歧视性生物标志物。结果：总共从HC中检索到4,271个单独的蛋白质。其中，在所有患者和HC样本中检测到约2,800个。为了在MDD和BD-D之间进行客观区分，发现了66个候选生物标记。同时，有72种蛋白质可能具有用于BD-M和SZ鉴别诊断的生物标志物能力。在每对比较中，单个生物标志物与HC均被调控。讨论：通过这项工作，我们提供了候选生物标志物的注册资料，有可能客观地区分MDD和BD-D以及BD-M和SZ。尽管涉及样本量有限的概念验证研究，但这些数据为后续研究提供了基础，这些研究旨在验证发现的生物标志物候选物的真正歧视潜力和临床应用的可行性。
神经心理生物学