Visual attention is guided toward behaviorally relevant objects by target "templates" stored in visual memory. Visual attention also is guided away from nontarget distractors by learned distractor rejection. In a series of 5 visual search experiments, we asked if learned distractor rejection operated while attention was simultaneously guided by a target template. Participants performed a visual search in 2-color, spatially unsegregated displays where we manipulated attentional guidance by both target templates and consistent nontarget distractors. We observed faster mean response times to the target when a consistent nontarget distractor was present than when it was absent-the hallmark of learned distractor rejection-despite the use of strong target guidance. Learned distractor rejection indeed operates alongside guidance from a target template, indicating that theories of visual attention should incorporate guidance by both target templates and learned nontargets. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).

中文翻译：

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面对强大的目标指导，学会了分散注意力。

视觉注意力通过存储在视觉内存中的目标“模板”被引导向行为相关的对象。视觉注意力也通过学习中的干扰物排斥反应而被引导远离非目标干扰物。在一系列的5个视觉搜索实验中，我们询问在目标模板同时引导注意力的同时，学习的干扰物排斥反应是否起作用。参与者在2种颜色，空间上未分离的显示器中进行了视觉搜索，在该显示器中，我们通过目标模板和一致的非目标干扰因素来操纵注意力引导。我们观察到，当存在一致的非目标干扰物时，对目标的平均反应时间要比不存在干扰物时的平均反应时间短（尽管有力的目标指导），这是学习型干扰物排斥的标志。习得的干扰物排斥确实与目标模板的指导一起起作用，这表明视觉注意的理论应结合目标模板和习得的非目标的指导。（PsycInfo数据库记录（c）2020 APA，保留所有权利）。