Nutrients and the microbiome have a profound impact on the brain by influencing its development and function in health and disease. The mechanisms by which they shape brain function have only started to be uncovered. Here we propose that the interaction of diet with the microbiome is at the core of most mechanisms by which gut microbes affect host brain function. The microbiome acts on the host by altering the nutrients in the diet and by using them as precursors for synthetizing psychoactive metabolites. Diet is also a major modulator of gut microbiome composition making this another key mechanism by which they affect the host brain. Nutrient-microbiome-host interactions therefore provide an overarching framework to understand the function of the gut-brain axis.

中文翻译：

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饮食微生物探戈：营养物质如何引导肠道脑轴。

营养物质和微生物组通过影响大脑在健康和疾病中的发育和功能，对大脑产生深远影响。他们塑造大脑功能的机制才刚刚被发现。在这里，我们提出饮食与微生物组的相互作用是肠道微生物影响宿主大脑功能的大多数机制的核心。微生物组通过改变饮食中的营养成分并将其用作合成精神活性代谢物的前体来作用于宿主。饮食也是肠道微生物组组成的主要调节剂，这使它们成为影响宿主大脑的另一个关键机制。因此，营养微生物与宿主的相互作用提供了一个总体框架，以了解肠脑轴的功能。