A growing body of evidence point toward the bidirectional gut microbiota-brain axis playing a role in mental health. Most of this research is conducted on animals why we in this review summarize and comment upon recent studies evaluating the gut microbiome in mental health in humans. Further support for the relevance of the bidirectional gut microbiota-brain communication in mood disorders has been presented, such as the effect of probiotics on brain connectivity and mental health outcomes and pregnancy related stress on gut microbiota in the newborn child. However, the heterogeneity between studies precludes conclusions regarding differences in microbiota composition in mental disease and health and many of the studies are limited by a cross-sectional design, small sample sizes and multiple comparisons. Thus, well-designed longitudinal studies with larger sample size, accounting for confounders are needed.

中文翻译：

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成年人的肠道菌群和心理健康。

越来越多的证据表明双向肠道微生物群-脑轴在心理健康中起作用。这项研究大部分是在动物上进行的，因此我们在这篇综述中总结并评论了评估肠道微生物组对人类心理健康的最新研究。已经提出了对双向肠道微生物群-大脑交流与情绪障碍相关性的进一步支持，例如益生菌对大脑连通性和心理健康结局的影响，以及与妊娠有关的压力对新生儿肠道微生物群的影响。但是，研究之间的异质性排除了有关精神疾病和健康中微生物群组成差异的结论，而且许多研究都受到横断面设计，小样本量和多重比较的限制。从而，