It is generally assumed that there is a category of undoubted guiding attributes in visual search: color, motion, orientation. Any differences between these attributes are a matter of degree, rather than kind. This assumption has led to a preferential use of color in experiments that involve top-down guidance, because it provides the strongest effects. Yet, results observed for color are considered representative for the other undoubted attributes. This article reports 7 experiments that compare the top-down guiding strengths of color, motion, and orientation by adding them to a T versus L search. Giving some of the Ls a different color, motion status, or orientation should make the T easier to find, because those Ls cannot possibly be the target. The results show that whereas adding color or motion does indeed improve search performance, adding differently oriented Ls actually makes search harder, especially on absent trials and even when there are only very few items that could be the target. There were also some subtle differences between color and motion. So, rather than a single category of undoubted guiding attributes, there seems to be a clear ranking, with color at the top and orientation at the bottom. It may therefore be unwise to think that results found with color will translate one-on-one to other attributes like motion and orientation. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).

中文翻译：

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视觉搜索的自顶向下指导属性中的数量和质量差异。

通常假定视觉搜索中有一类毫无疑问的引导属性：颜色，运动，方向。这些属性之间的任何差异都是程度问题，而不是种类问题。该假设导致在涉及自上而下的指导的实验中优先使用颜色，因为它提供了最强的效果。但是，观察到的颜色结果被认为代表了其他无疑的属性。本文报告了7个实验，这些实验通过将颜色，运动和方向的自上而下的引导强度添加到T与L搜索中来进行比较。为L中的某些L赋予不同的颜色，运动状态或方向应该可以更容易地找到T，因为这些L不可能成为目标。结果表明，尽管添加颜色或运动确实可以提高搜索性能，添加面向不同方向的Ls实际上会使搜索更加困难，尤其是在缺少试验的情况下，甚至当只有很少几项可能成为目标时也是如此。颜色和运动之间也存在一些细微的差异。因此，似乎没有一个明确的指导属性类别，而是有一个清晰的排名，顶部是颜色，底部是方向。因此，认为用颜色发现的结果将一对一地转换为其他属性（例如运动和方向）可能是不明智的。（PsycInfo数据库记录（c）2020 APA，保留所有权利）。而不是毫无疑问的指导属性的单一类别，似乎有一个清晰的排名，颜色在顶部，方向在底部。因此，认为用颜色发现的结果将一对一地转换为其他属性（例如运动和方向）可能是不明智的。（PsycInfo数据库记录（c）2020 APA，保留所有权利）。而不是毫无疑问的指导属性的单一类别，似乎有一个清晰的排名，颜色在顶部，方向在底部。因此，认为用颜色发现的结果将一对一地转换为其他属性（例如运动和方向）可能是不明智的。（PsycInfo数据库记录（c）2020 APA，保留所有权利）。