Water-soluble carbon spheres (CS) were prepared by a facile one-step hydrothermal synthetic method using glucose as a carbon source and sodium hydroxide as additives. The morphology and the chemical structure were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). In addition, the ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) absorption spectrum and the fluorescence spectrum of the prepared CS were also investigated. The emission spectrum of the obtained CS depends on the excitation wavelength, which is similar to that of most carbon quantum dots. The fluorescence of the CS is quenched in the presence of Cr³⁺, Fe³⁺ and Hg²⁺. Based on this feature, the selective and sensitive detections of Cr³⁺, Fe³⁺ and Hg²⁺ were performed, and the detection limits were 6.72, 7.26, and 9.51 μM, respectively.

以葡萄糖为碳源、氢氧化钠为添加剂，通过简便的一步水热合成方法制备了水溶性碳球（CS）。通过透射电子显微镜（TEM）、傅里叶变换红外（FT-IR）光谱、X射线衍射（XRD）、X射线光电子能谱（XPS）对其形貌和化学结构进行了表征。此外，还研究了所制备的CS的紫外-可见(UV-vis)吸收光谱和荧光光谱。所获得的CS的发射光谱取决于激发波长，这与大多数碳量子点的发射光谱相似。^{CS的荧光在Cr 3+}、Fe ³⁺和Hg ²⁺存在下被猝灭。基于这一特点，对Cr ³⁺、Fe ³⁺和Hg ²⁺进行了选择性、灵敏检测，检测限分别为6.72、7.26和9.51 μM。