The drug ketamine has been extensively studied due to its use in anaesthesia, as a model of psychosis and, most recently, its antidepressant properties. Understanding the physiology of ketamine is complex due to its rich pharmacology with multiple potential sites at clinically relevant doses. In this review of the neurophysiology of ketamine, we focus on the acute effects of ketamine in the resting brain. We ascend through spatial scales starting with a complete review of the pharmacology of ketamine and then cover its effects on in vitro and in vivo electrophysiology. We then summarise and critically evaluate studies using EEG/MEG and neuroimaging measures (MRI and PET), integrating across scales where possible. While a complicated and, at times, confusing picture of ketamine’s effects are revealed, we stress that much of this might be caused by use of different species, doses, and analytical methodologies and suggest strategies that future work could use to answer these problems.

中文翻译：

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氯胺酮的神经生理学：综合评价。

药物氯胺酮因其在麻醉中的用途、作为精神病模型以及最近的抗抑郁特性而被广泛研究。了解氯胺酮的生理学是复杂的，因为其丰富的药理学具有临床相关剂量的多个潜在位点。在这篇关于氯胺酮神经生理学的综述中，我们关注氯胺酮对静息大脑的急性影响。我们从对氯胺酮药理学的完整回顾开始，在空间尺度上进行提升，然后涵盖其对体外和体内的影响电生理学。然后，我们总结并批判性地评估使用 EEG/MEG 和神经影像学测量（MRI 和 PET）的研究，并在可能的情况下跨尺度整合。虽然揭示了氯胺酮作用的复杂且有时令人困惑的图景，但我们强调，其中大部分可能是由于使用不同的物种、剂量和分析方法造成的，并提出了未来工作可以用来回答这些问题的策略。