In The Foundations of Bioethics (1986, 1996), former senior editor of The Journal of Medicine and Philosophy H. Tristram Engelhardt, Jr. (1941–2018) radically reassessed the nature and scope of bioethics, as well as the possibilities for this still-young field that he helped found, in light of the prevailing sociohistorical context, which he argued had been inadequately considered by bioethicists. This issue of The Journal of Medicine and Philosophy provides a snapshot of how bioethics is developing in the wake of Engelhardt’s critique. Topics covered include the relation between rule of law and US healthcare policy, the relation between autonomy and consent, the role of rights in bioethical discourse, the debate between naturalism and normativism in the theory of disease, and the question of when human individuals begin to exist. Although no single theme explicitly unites them, the papers in this issue were produced within and are fruitfully read in terms of what Engelhardt influentially characterized as a morally pluralistic postmodernity subsisting amidst the ruins of tradition. In the conclusion, I introduce a further wrinkle into this Engelhardtian picture—namely, the looming danger of a more general epistemological pluralism effected by new technologies like Deepfakes.

中文翻译：

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废墟中的生物伦理

在《生物伦理学的基础》（1986年，1996年）中，《医学与哲学杂志》的前高级编辑H. Tristram Engelhardt，Jr.（1941-2018年）从根本上重新评估了生物伦理学的性质和范围，以及重新实现生物伦理学的可能性鉴于当时流行的社会历史背景，他认为生物领域主义者没有充分考虑到这一年轻领域。医学与哲学杂志的这一期提供了恩格哈特批评之后生物伦理学如何发展的快照。涵盖的主题包括法治与美国医疗保健政策之间的关系，自治与同意之间的关系，权利在生物伦理话语中的作用，疾病理论中自然主义与规范主义之间的辩论以及人类何时开始存在。尽管没有一个主题明确地将它们统一起来，但是本期的论文是根据恩格哈特有影响力地描述为存在于传统废墟中的道德多元后现代性而产生的，并得到了丰硕的阅读。最后，我在这幅恩格哈德式的图画中引入了更多的皱纹，即由诸如Deepfakes之类的新技术影响的更为普遍的认识论多元化的迫在眉睫的危险。