We examine the relative effect of warming events (storms) and snow cover on thermodynamic growth of Arctic sea ice in winter. We use a 1-D snow and ice thermodynamic model to perform sensitivity experiments. Observations from the winter period of the Norwegian young sea ICE (N-ICE2015) campaign north of Svalbard are used to initiate and force the model. The N-ICE2015 winter was characterized by frequent storm events that brought pulses of heat and moisture, and a thick snow cover atop the sea ice (0.3–0.5 m). By the end of the winter, sea-ice bottom growth was negligible. We show that the thermodynamic effect of storms to the winter sea-ice growth is controlled by the amount of snow on sea ice. For 1.3 m initial ice thickness, the decrease in ice growth caused by the warming events ranged from −1.4% (for 0.5 m of snow) to −7.5% (for snow-free conditions). The decrease in sea-ice growth caused by the thick snow (0.5 m) was more important, ranging from −17% (with storms) to −23% (without storms). The results showcase the critical role of snow on winter Arctic sea-ice growth.

中文翻译：

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频繁的冬季变暖事件（风暴）和降雪对海冰生长的影响——N-ICE2015 活动期间北冰洋大西洋区域的一个案例

我们研究了变暖事件（风暴）和积雪对冬季北极海冰热力学增长的相对影响。我们使用一维冰雪热力学模型来进行敏感性实验。来自斯瓦尔巴以北的挪威年轻海洋 ICE (N-ICE2015) 运动冬季期间的观测数据用于启动和强制该模型。N-ICE2015 冬季的特点是频繁的风暴事件，带来热量和水分的脉冲，海冰（0.3-0.5 m）上覆盖着厚厚的积雪。到冬季结束时，海冰底部的增长可以忽略不计。我们表明风暴对冬季海冰生长的热力学影响是由海冰上的雪量控制的。对于 1.3 m 的初始冰厚度，由变暖事件引起的冰增长的减少范围从 -1.4%（对于 0.5 m 的雪）到 -7。5%（无雪条件下）。由厚积雪（0.5 m）引起的海冰生长减少更为重要，范围从-17%（有风暴）到-23%（没有风暴）。结果显示了雪对冬季北极海冰生长的关键作用。