ABSTRACT Uneven-aged forest management has attained increasing popularity. It may benefit biodiversity, buffer against pests and abiotic damages, decrease runoff from clearcuts and improve recreational values. We studied how gap cuttings and single-tree selection cuttings influence browsing damage in spruce-dominated forests in south-central Finland. Overall, browsing damage was especially frequent in aspen and rowan, but also in birch. The larger the basal area left in harvesting, the lower the browsing pressure on birch and rowan; neither the harvesting method nor the seedling density had an independent effect on browsing damage. Although larger tree retention levels may reduce browsing damage, the regeneration and recruitment of shade-intolerant broadleaved trees may be compromised.

中文翻译：

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浏览阻碍了芬兰南部不均匀年龄森林管理中阔叶树的再生

摘要 不均匀年龄的森林管理越来越受欢迎。它可能有益于生物多样性，缓冲害虫和非生物损害，减少来自砍伐的径流并提高娱乐价值。我们研究了间隙扦插和单树选择扦插如何影响芬兰中南部以云杉为主的森林中的浏览损害。总体而言，白杨和罗文以及桦木中的浏览损坏尤其常见。收获时留下的基面积越大，对桦树和花楸的浏览压力越低；收获方法和幼苗密度都没有对浏览损伤产生独立影响。虽然较大的树木保留水平可以减少浏览损害，但不耐阴阔叶树的再生和补充可能会受到影响。