Cytosolic glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPC) and plastid glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPCp) are key enzymes in glycolysis. Besides their catalytic function, GAPC/GAPCp participates in the regulation of plant stress response and growth and development. However, the involvement of GAPC/GAPCp in the regulation of fruit ripening is unclear. In this study, FaGAPC2 and FaGAPCp1 in strawberries were isolated and analyzed. FaGAPC2 and FaGAPCp1 transcripts showed high transcript levels in the fruit. Transient overexpression of FaGAPC2 and FaGAPCp1 delayed fruit ripening, whereas RNA interference promoted fruit ripening and affected fruit anthocyanins and sucrose levels. Change in the expression patterns of FaGAPC2 and FaGAPCp1 also influenced the expression of several glycolysis-related and ripening-related genes such as CEL1, CEL2, SS, ANS, MYB5, NCED1, ABI1, ALDO, PK, and G6PDH, and H2O2 level and reduced glutathione (GSH)/glutathione disulfide (GSSG) redox potential. Meanwhile, metabolomics experiments showed that transient overexpression of FaGAPCp1 resulted in a decrease in anthocyanins, flavonoids, organic acid, amino acids, and their derivatives. In addition, abscisic acid (ABA) and sucrose treatment induced the production of large amounts of H2O2 and inhibited the expression of FaGAPC2/FaGAPCp1 in strawberry fruit. These results revealed that FaGAPC2/FaGAPCp1 is a negative regulator of ABA and sucrose mediated fruit ripening which can be regulated by oxidative stress.

中文翻译：

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胞质/质体甘油醛-3-磷酸脱氢酶是草莓果实成熟的负调控因子

细胞溶质 3-磷酸甘油醛脱氢酶 (GAPC) 和质体 3-磷酸甘油醛脱氢酶 (GAPCp) 是糖酵解的关键酶。除了催化功能外，GAPC/GAPCp 还参与植物逆境响应和生长发育的调控。然而，GAPC/GAPCp 在果实成熟调控中的作用尚不清楚。本研究对草莓中的 FaGAPC2 和 FaGAPCp1 进行了分离和分析。FaGAPC2 和 FaGAPCp1 转录物在果实中显示出高转录水平。FaGAPC2 和 FaGAPCp1 的瞬时过表达延迟了果实成熟，而 RNA 干扰促进了果实成熟并影响了果实花青素和蔗糖水平。FaGAPC2 和 FaGAPCp1 表达模式的变化也影响了几种糖酵解相关和成熟相关基因的表达，如 CEL1、CEL2、SS、ANS、MYB5、NCED1、ABI1、ALDO、PK 和 G6PDH 和 H2O2 水平以及还原型谷胱甘肽 (GSH)/二硫化谷胱甘肽 (GSSG) 氧化还原电位。同时，代谢组学实验表明 FaGAPCp1 的瞬时过表达导致花青素、黄酮类化合物、有机酸、氨基酸及其衍生物的减少。此外，脱落酸（ABA）和蔗糖处理诱导了草莓果实中大量H2O2的产生并抑制了FaGAPC2/FaGAPCp1的表达。这些结果表明 FaGAPC2/FaGAPCp1 是 ABA 和蔗糖介导的果实成熟的负调节因子，可以通过氧化应激进行调节。代谢组学实验表明，FaGAPCp1 的瞬时过表达导致花青素、黄酮类化合物、有机酸、氨基酸及其衍生物的减少。此外，脱落酸（ABA）和蔗糖处理诱导了草莓果实中大量H2O2的产生并抑制了FaGAPC2/FaGAPCp1的表达。这些结果表明 FaGAPC2/FaGAPCp1 是 ABA 和蔗糖介导的果实成熟的负调节因子，可以通过氧化应激进行调节。代谢组学实验表明，FaGAPCp1 的瞬时过表达导致花青素、黄酮类化合物、有机酸、氨基酸及其衍生物的减少。此外，脱落酸（ABA）和蔗糖处理诱导了草莓果实中大量H2O2的产生并抑制了FaGAPC2/FaGAPCp1的表达。这些结果表明 FaGAPC2/FaGAPCp1 是 ABA 和蔗糖介导的果实成熟的负调节因子，可以通过氧化应激进行调节。