Allergen immunotherapy is a cornerstone in the treatment of allergic children. The clinical efficiency relies on a well-defined immunologic mechanism promoting regulatory T cells and downplaying the immune response induced by allergens. Clinical indications have been well documented for respiratory allergy in the presence of rhinitis and/or allergic asthma, to pollens and dust mites. Patients who have had an anaphylactic reaction to hymenoptera venom are also good candidates for allergen immunotherapy. Administration of allergen is currently mostly either by subcutaneous injections or by sublingual administration. Both methods have been extensively studied and have pros and cons. Specifically in children, the choice of the method of administration according to the patient's profile is important. Although allergen immunotherapy is widely used, there is a need for improvement. More particularly, biomarkers for prediction of the success of the treatments are needed. The strength and efficiency of the immune response may also be boosted by the use of better adjuvants. Finally, novel formulations might be more efficient and might improve the patient's adherence to the treatment. This user's guide reviews current knowledge and aims to provide clinical guidance to healthcare professionals taking care of children undergoing allergen immunotherapy.

中文翻译：

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《 EAACI过敏原免疫疗法用户指南》。

过敏原免疫疗法是治疗过敏性儿童的基石。临床效率依赖于完善的免疫机制，可促进调节性T细胞并淡化由过敏原诱导的免疫应答。对于存在鼻炎和/或过敏性哮喘，对花粉和尘螨的呼吸道过敏，已有临床证据。对膜翅目毒液有过敏反应的患者也是过敏原免疫治疗的良好候选人。目前，过敏原的施用主要是通过皮下注射或舌下施用。两种方法都经过了广泛的研究，并且各有利弊。特别是对于儿童，根据患者情况选择给药方法很重要。尽管过敏原免疫疗法被广泛使用，需要改进。更特别地，需要用于预测治疗成功的生物标记。通过使用更好的佐剂也可以提高免疫反应的强度和效率。最后，新型制剂可能更有效，并且可以改善患者对治疗的依从性。本用户指南回顾了当前的知识，旨在为照顾正在接受过敏原免疫治疗的儿童的医疗保健专业人员提供临床指导。