In Belgium, IWVA uses managed aquifer recharge (MAR) to recharge the aquifer with treated wastewater generated from the communities to sustain the potable water supply on the Belgian coast. This MAR facility is faced with a challenge of reduced infiltration rates during the winter season when pond water temperatures near 4°C. This study involves the identification of the predominant factor influencing the rate of infiltration through the pond bed. Several factors, including pumping rates, natural recharge, tidal influences of the North Sea and pond‐water temperature, were identified as potential causes for variation of the recharge rate. Correlation statistics and linear regression analysis were used to determine the sensitivity of the infiltration rate to the aforementioned factors. Two groundwater flow models were developed in visual MODFLOW to simulate the water movement under the pond bed and to obtain the differences in flux to track the effects of variation of hydraulic conductivity during the two seasons. A 32% reduction in vertical hydraulic gradient in the top portion of the aquifer was observed in winter, causing the recharge rates to fluctuate. Results showed that water temperature caused a 30% increase in hydraulic conductivity in summer as compared with winter and has the maximum impact on infiltration rate. Cyclic variations in water viscosity, occurring because of seasonal temperature changes, influence the saturated hydraulic conductivity of the pond bed. Results from the models confirm the impact on infiltration rate by temperature‐influenced hydraulic conductivity.

中文翻译：

---

比利时圣安德烈的受控含水层补给系统中通过池塘床的入渗速率的季节性变化

在比利时，IWVA使用管理的含水层补给（MAR）向社区中产生的经过处理的废水补给含水层，以维持比利时海岸的饮用水供应。在池塘水温接近4°C的冬季，这种MAR设施面临着降低渗透率的挑战。这项研究涉及确定影响通过池塘床层渗透率的主要因素。包括抽水率，自然补给，北海的潮汐影响和池塘水温在内的几个因素被确定为补给率变化的潜在原因。使用相关统计和线性回归分析来确定渗透率对上述因素的敏感性。在可视化MODFLOW中开发了两个地下水流模型，以模拟池底下的水运动，并获得通量的差异以跟踪两个季节中水力传导率变化的影响。冬季观察到含水层顶部的垂直水力梯度降低了32％，从而导致补给率波动。结果表明，与冬季相比，夏季水温导致水力传导率增加了30％，并且对渗透率的影响最大。由于季节性温度变化而引起的水粘度的周期性变化会影响池床的饱和水力传导率。模型的结果证实了温度影响的水力传导率对渗透率的影响。