Significant deviations of serum potassium and sodium levels are frequently observed in hospitalized patients and are both associated with increased all‐cause and cardiovascular mortality. The presence of acute or chronic renal failure facilitates the pathogenesis and complicates the clinical management. In the absence of reliable outcome data in the context of dialysis prescription, requirement of renal replacement therapy in patients with severe electrolyte disturbances constitutes a therapeutic challenge. Recommendations for intradialytic management are based on pathophysiologic reasoning and clinical observations only, and as such, heterogeneous and limited to expert opinion level. This article reviews current strategies for the management of severe hyperkalemia and hyponatremia in hemodialysis patients.

中文翻译：

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严重电解质紊乱患者的血液透析治疗：高钾血症和低钠血症的治疗。

在住院患者中经常观察到血清钾和钠水平的显着偏差，并且与全因和心血管死亡率的增加有关。急性或慢性肾衰竭的存在促进了发病机理并使临床管理复杂化。在缺乏透析处方的可靠结果数据的情况下，严重电解质紊乱患者需要肾脏替代治疗构成了治疗挑战。透析内管理的建议仅基于病理生理学推理和临床观察，因此是异类的，并且仅限于专家意见级别。本文回顾了目前用于血液透析患者的严重高钾血症和低钠血症的治疗策略。