Tumor metastases, that is, the development of secondary tumors in organs distant from the primary tumor, and their treatment remain a serious problem in cancer therapy. The unique challenges for tracking and treating tumor metastases lie in the small size, high heterogeneity, and wide dispersion to distant organs of metastases. Recently, nanomedicines, with the capacity to precisely deliver therapeutic agents to both primary and secondary tumors, have demonstrated many potential benefits for metastatic cancer theranostics. Given the remarkable progression in emerging nanotherapeutics for antimetastatic treatment, it is timely to summarize the latest advances in this field. This review highlights the rationale, advantages, and challenges for integrating biomedical nanotechnology with cancer biology to develop antimetastatic nanotherapeutics.

肿瘤转移，即远离原发肿瘤的器官中继发性肿瘤的发展，其治疗仍然是癌症治疗中的一个严重问题。追踪和治疗肿瘤转移的独特挑战在于小尺寸、高异质性和广泛分散到远处转移器官。最近，纳米药物能够精确地向原发性和继发性肿瘤输送治疗剂，已经证明了转移性癌症治疗诊断学的许多潜在益处。鉴于用于抗转移治疗的新兴纳米疗法取得了显着进展，现在总结该领域的最新进展是及时的。这篇综述强调了将生物医学纳米技术与癌症生物学相结合以开发抗转移纳米疗法的基本原理、优势和挑战。