Forage and grazing (FG) systems can store a substantial amount of soil organic carbon (SOC) under appropriate land use management and reduce atmospheric CO₂ concentrations. Increasing SOC levels along with many interlinked ecosystem services are essential for increased productivity and sustainability of FG lands (FGLs). Although adoption of improved management practices (MPs) that support SOC sequestration (SOC_q) is necessary, clear understandings of challenges and opportunities which are sometimes unique to individual FGLs, are also important for implementation of MPs. The objective of this forum paper is to explore the latest scientific knowledge on opportunities to address major challenges for increasing SOC_q in FGLs. In intensively managed FGLs where the goal is often to maximize yields, lands are heavily fertilized and thus, usually drive towards SOC loss. Diversifications of both forage and grazing species along with strategic grazing plans have been proven as effective MPs for increasing SOC_q. However, challenge of maintaining productivity levels still remains. Implementing improved grazing for nutrient cycling and integrating forage diversification for increased biodiversity are found to improve soil health attributes, which are critical for SOC_q. However, to achieve this, we also need to consider site- and soil- specific factors. Extreme climatic events often lead to a decline in soil fertility status, SOC_q and overall productivity of FGL systems. To address these challenges, uses of models to simulate the FGL systems and have definite choices of suitable MPs are helpful. However, we must be able to access a wide range of datasets to develop system-level adaption strategies that are effective in mitigating these adverse effects. Ultimately, participatory research with novel views and improved perceptions based on the value of SOCq and long-term benefits of the implementation of the best MPs and developing education and outreach materials to enrich the producers’ knowledge gaps are helpful for climate-resilient FGL systems.

饲草和放牧（FG）系统在适当的土地使用管理下可以存储大量的土壤有机碳（SOC），并减少大气中的CO ₂浓度。SOC水平的提高以及许多相互关联的生态系统服务对于提高FG土地（FGL）的生产力和可持续性至关重要。尽管必须采用支持SOC隔离（SOC _q）的改进的管理实践（MP），但对于个别FGL有时独特的挑战和机遇的清晰理解对于MP的实施也很重要。本论坛文章的目的是探索的机会，应对重大挑战的最新科学知识，提高SOC _q在FGL中。在集约化管理的FGL中，目标通常是最大程度地提高产量，土地被大量施肥，因此通常会导致SOC损失。事实证明，饲草和放牧物种的多样化以及战略性放牧计划是提高SOC _q的有效国会议员。但是，保持生产率水平的挑战仍然存在。人们发现，实施改善牧场的养分循环和整合牧草多样化以增加生物多样性可以改善土壤健康状况，这对于SOC _q至关重要。但是，要实现这一目标，我们还需要考虑特定于地点和土壤的因素。极端气候事件通常导致土壤肥力状况下降，SOC _q和FGL系统的整体生产率。为了解决这些挑战，使用模型来模拟FGL系统并确定合适MP的选择是有帮助的。但是，我们必须能够访问广泛的数据集，以开发可有效减轻这些不利影响的系统级适应策略。最终，基于SOCq的价值以及采用最佳MP的长期利益以及开发教育和宣传材料以丰富生产者知识差距的长期参与，以新颖的观点和改进的认知进行研究，对于适应气候变化的FGL系统是有帮助的。