Abstract This paper investigates the interaction between a high-speed train and a tornado-like vortex numerically using Detached Eddy Simulation and modal analysis. Key parameters related with the train operation safety, including the operation path, tornado intensity, and train speed, are considered. It is found that the train is subjected to larger aerodynamic forces and moments when the train operates along with the rotating vortex flow, and the head car is more dangerous comparing to the middle and tail cars. Coefficients of derailment and overturning are calculated with vehicle dynamics, and used to assess the operation safety of the train. It is also found that derailment is the main accident that might be caused by tornado, as the resultant lateral force acts at the lower half of the train. Moreover, resonant response of the train dynamic system to the aerodynamic loads caused by the tornado is observed. For the train and the dynamic parameters studied herein, the speed range for the occurrence of resonance is between 160 km∕h and 250 km∕h , within which the coefficients of derailment and overturning reach their maximum values. And the resonant phenomenon is independent with tornado intensity. The numerical results obtained in the current study are of significance for the assessment of operation safety while moving objects encountering tornadoes.

中文翻译：

---

高速列车通过类龙卷风涡流的空气动力学和动力学数值研究

摘要 本文使用分离涡模拟和模态分析数值研究了高速列车与类似龙卷风的涡流之间的相互作用。考虑了与列车运行安全相关的关键参数，包括运行路径、龙卷风强度和列车速度。研究发现，列车随旋转涡流运行时，列车受到更大的气动力和力矩，头车比中尾车更危险。脱轨和倾覆系数通过车辆动力学计算，用于评估列车的运行安全。还发现脱轨是龙卷风可能引起的主要事故，因为由此产生的侧向力作用在列车的下半部。而且，观察到列车动力系统对龙卷风引起的空气动力载荷的共振响应。对于本文研究的列车和动力参数，发生共振的速度范围在160km∕h和250km∕h之间，在此范围内脱轨和倾覆系数达到最大值。并且共振现象与龙卷风强度无关。当前研究中获得的数值结果对于移动物体遇到龙卷风时的运行安全评估具有重要意义。并且共振现象与龙卷风强度无关。当前研究中获得的数值结果对于移动物体遇到龙卷风时的运行安全评估具有重要意义。并且共振现象与龙卷风强度无关。当前研究中获得的数值结果对于移动物体遇到龙卷风时的运行安全评估具有重要意义。