BACKGROUND Researchers have used direct electrical brain stimulation to treat a range of neurological and psychiatric disorders. However, for brain stimulation to be maximally effective, clinicians and researchers should optimize stimulation parameters according to desired outcomes. OBJECTIVE The goal of our large-scale study was to comprehensively evaluate the effects of stimulation at different parameters and locations on neuronal activity across the human brain. METHODS To examine how different kinds of stimulation affect human brain activity, we compared the changes in neuronal activity that resulted from stimulation at a range of frequencies, amplitudes, and locations with direct human brain recordings. We recorded human brain activity directly with electrodes that were implanted in widespread regions across 106 neurosurgical epilepsy patients while systematically stimulating across a range of parameters and locations. RESULTS Overall, stimulation most often had an inhibitory effect on neuronal activity, consistent with earlier work. When stimulation excited neuronal activity, it most often occurred from high-frequency stimulation. These effects were modulated by the location of the stimulating electrode, with stimulation sites near white matter more likely to cause excitation and sites near gray matter more likely to inhibit neuronal activity. CONCLUSION By characterizing how different stimulation parameters produced specific neuronal activity patterns on a large scale, our results provide an electrophysiological framework that clinicians and researchers may consider when designing stimulation protocols to cause precisely targeted changes in human brain activity.

中文翻译：

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直接脑刺激对人类的影响取决于频率、振幅和白质接近度

背景研究人员已经使用直接电脑刺激来治疗一系列神经和精神疾病。然而，为了使脑刺激达到最大效果，临床医生和研究人员应根据预期结果优化刺激参数。目标我们大规模研究的目标是全面评估不同参数和位置的刺激对人脑神经元活动的影响。方法 为了检查不同种类的刺激如何影响人类大脑活动，我们将一系列频率、幅度和位置的刺激导致的神经元活动变化与直接人类大脑记录进行了比较。我们使用电极直接记录了人类大脑活动，这些电极植入 106 名神经外科癫痫患者的广泛区域，同时系统地刺激一系列参数和位置。结果 总体而言，刺激最常对神经元活动产生抑制作用，这与早期工作一致。当刺激激发神经元活动时，它最常发生于高频刺激。这些效应由刺激电极的位置调节，靠近白质的刺激部位更可能引起兴奋，靠近灰质的部位更可能抑制神经元活动。结论 通过表征不同的刺激参数如何大规模产生特定的神经元活动模式，