Abstract Storage of slurry is an important emission source for ammonia (NH3), nitrous oxide (N2O), methane (CH4), carbon dioxide (CO2) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) from livestock production. Therefore, this study collected published emission data from stored cattle and pig slurry to determine baseline emission values and emission changes due to slurry treatment and coverage of stores. Emission data were collected from 120 papers yielding 711 records of measurements conducted at farm-, pilot- and laboratory-scale. The emission data reported in a multitude of units were standardized and compiled in a database. Descriptive statistics of the data from untreated slurry stored uncovered revealed a large variability in emissions for all gases. To determine baseline emissions, average values based on a weighting of the emission data according to the season and the duration of the emission measurements were constructed using the data from farm-scale and pilot-scale studies. Baseline emissions for cattle and pig slurry stored uncovered were calculated. When possible, it was further distinguished between storage in tanks without slurry treatment and storage in lagoons which implies solid-liquid separation and biological treatment. The baseline emissions on an area or volume basis are: for NH3: 0.12 g m−2 h-1 and 0.15 g m−2 h-1 for cattle and pig slurry stored in lagoons, and 0.08 g m−2 h-1 and 0.24 g m−2 h-1 for cattle and pig slurry stored in tanks; for N2O: 0.0003 g m−2 h-1 for cattle slurry stored in lagoons, and 0.002 g m−2 h-1 for both slurry types stored in tanks; for CH4: 0.95 g m-3 h-1 and 3.5 g m-3 h-1 for cattle and pig slurry stored in lagoons, and 0.58 g m-3 h-1 and 0.68 g m-3 h-1 for cattle and pig slurry stored in tanks; for CO2: 6.6 g m−2 h-1 and 0.3 g m−2 h-1 for cattle and pig slurry stored in lagoons, and 8.0 g m−2 h-1 for both slurry types stored in tanks; for H2S: 0.04 g m−2 h-1 and 0.01 g m−2 h-1 for cattle and pig slurry stored in lagoons. Related to total ammoniacal nitrogen (TAN), baseline emissions for tanks are 16% and 15% of TAN for cattle and pig slurry, respectively. Emissions of N2O and CH4 relative to nitrogen (N) and volatile solids (VS) are 0.13% of N and 0.10% of N and 2.9% of VS and 4.7% of VS for cattle and pig slurry, respectively. Total greenhouse gas emissions from slurry stores are dominated by CH4. The records on slurry treatment using acidification show a reduction of NH3 and CH4 emissions during storage while an increase occurs for N2O and a minor change for CO2 as compared to untreated slurry. Solid-liquid separation causes higher losses for NH3 and a reduction in CH4, N2O and CO2 emissions. Anaerobically digested slurry shows higher emissions during storage for NH3 while losses tend to be lower for CH4 and little changes occur for N2O and CO2 compared to untreated slurry. All cover types are found to be efficient for emission mitigation of NH3 from stores. The N2O emissions increase in many cases due to coverage. Lower CH4 emissions occur for impermeable covers as compared to uncovered slurry storage while for permeable covers the effect is unclear or emissions tend to increase. Limited and inconsistent data regarding emission changes with covering stores are available for CO2 and H2S. The compiled data provide a basis for improving emission inventories and highlight the need for further research to reduce uncertainty and fill data gaps regarding emissions from slurry storage.

中文翻译：

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浆料储存中的氨和温室气体排放 - 综述

摘要 泥浆储存是畜牧生产中氨（NH3）、一氧化二氮（N2O）、甲烷（CH4）、二氧化碳（CO2）和硫化氢（H2S）的重要排放源。因此，本研究收集了储存的牛和猪粪便的已公布排放数据，以确定基线排放值和由于泥浆处理和仓库覆盖而引起的排放变化。排放数据是从 120 篇论文中收集的，产生了在农场、中试和实验室规模进行的 711 条测量记录。以多个单位报告的排放数据被标准化并编入数据库。对未经处理的未处理泥浆数据的描述性统计揭示了所有气体的排放量存在很大差异。为了确定基线排放，根据季节和排放测量持续时间对排放数据进行加权，使用农场规模和试点规模研究的数据构建平均值。计算了未覆盖储存的牛和猪粪便的基线排放量。在可能的情况下，进一步区分储存在未经泥浆处理的罐中和储存在泻湖中，这意味着固液分离和生物处理。以面积或体积为基础的基线排放为： 对于 NH3： 0.12 gm-2 h-1 和 0.15 gm-2 h-1 用于储存在泻湖中的牛和猪粪便，以及 0.08 gm-2 h-1 和 0.24 gm- 2 h-1 用于储存在罐中的牛和猪泥浆；对于 N2O： 0.0003 gm-2 h-1 用于储存在泻湖中的牛泥浆，以及 0.002 gm-2 h-1 用于储存在罐中的两种泥浆类型；对于 CH4：0.95 g m-3 h-1 和 3。5 g m-3 h-1 用于储存在泻湖中的牛和猪泥浆，0.58 g m-3 h-1 和 0.68 g m-3 h-1 用于储存在罐中的牛和猪泥浆；对于 CO2： 6.6 gm-2 h-1 和 0.3 gm-2 h-1 用于储存在泻湖中的牛和猪泥浆，以及 8.0 gm-2 h-1 对于储存在罐中的两种泥浆；对于 H2S：0.04 gm-2 h-1 和 0.01 gm-2 h-1 用于储存在泻湖中的牛和猪泥浆。与总氨氮 (TAN) 相关，储罐的基准排放量分别为牛和猪粪便 TAN 的 16% 和 15%。N2O 和 CH4 相对于氮 (N) 和挥发性固体 (VS) 的排放量分别为 N 的 0.13% 和 N 的 0.10%，VS 的 2.9% 和 VS 的 4.7%。来自泥浆库的温室气体排放总量以 CH4 为主。使用酸化处理泥浆的记录显示，与未经处理的泥浆相比，储存期间 NH3 和 CH4 排放量减少，而 N2O 增加，CO2 发生微小变化。固液分离会导致更高的 NH3 损失并减少 CH4、N2O 和 CO2 的排放。厌氧消化的泥浆在 NH3 储存期间显示出更高的排放量，而 CH4 的损失往往较低，与未处理的泥浆相比，N2O 和 CO2 的变化很小。发现所有覆盖类型对于减少商店中的 NH3 排放都是有效的。在许多情况下，由于覆盖范围，N2O 排放量会增加。与未覆盖的泥浆储存相比，不可渗透的覆盖层的 CH4 排放量较低，而可渗透的覆盖层的影响不明确或排放量趋于增加。CO2 和 H2S 的排放变化数据有限且不一致。汇编的数据为改进排放清单提供了基础，并强调需要进一步研究以减少不确定性并填补有关泥浆储存排放的数据空白。