Phthalates, which are among the most abundant plasticizers, have detrimental effects on the reproductive system. Similar to human, dogs are prominently exposed to phthalates in daily routines at low concentrations; while toys, training devices and commercial dog foods are considered as the primary sources of exposure. This study aimed to reveal and compare the cytotoxic effects of selected phthalates (Benzyl butyl phthalate (BBP), Diethyl phthalate (DEP), Bis (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), Di-'isobutyl' phthalate (DIBP), Di-'isodecyl' phthalate (-DIDP) Di-'isononyl' phthalate (DINP), Dimethyl phthalate (DMP), Di-n-octyl phthalate (DNOP)), and Bisphenol A (BPA) following 24 h exposure on primary testicular parenchymal cells of dog in vitro at concentrations between 0.001 and 2.5 nM. According to cytotoxicity results, DEHP was found to be the most toxic phthalate with IC50 at 22.53 µM; while DMP was the least (169.17 nM). IC50 of BPA was 161.81 nM, less than the average (61.95 nM) of phthalates. In addition, dog primary testicular cells were found more susceptible to the high molecular weight phthalates (DNOP, DEHP, DINP, DIDP) than low molecular weight phthalates (DMP, DEP, DIBP, BBP). Further studies should focus on morphological, physiological and molecular differences to comprehend the mechanisms involved as well as decreasing the risk for impaired spermatogenesis caused by environmental toxicants in companion animal medicine.

中文翻译：

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伴侣动物接近人类世界的毒性方面：邻苯二甲酸盐和双酚 A 对狗睾丸原代细胞的细胞毒性。

邻苯二甲酸盐是最丰富的增塑剂之一，对生殖系统有不利影响。与人类相似，狗在日常生活中会显着暴露于低浓度的邻苯二甲酸盐；而玩具、训练设备和商业狗粮被认为是主要的接触源。本研究旨在揭示和比较选定的邻苯二甲酸酯（邻苯二甲酸苄基丁酯 (BBP)、邻苯二甲酸二乙酯 (DEP)、邻苯二甲酸二（2-乙基己基）酯 (DEHP)、邻苯二甲酸二异丁酯 (DIBP)、邻苯二甲酸异癸酯 (-DIDP) 邻苯二甲酸二异壬酯 (DINP)、邻苯二甲酸二甲酯 (DMP)、邻苯二甲酸二正辛酯 (DNOP)) 和双酚 A (BPA) 暴露于原代睾丸实质细胞 24 小时后狗在体外的浓度在 0.001 和 2.5 nM 之间。根据细胞毒性结果，DEHP 被发现是毒性最强的邻苯二甲酸酯，IC50 为 22.53 µM；而 DMP 最少 (169.17 nM)。BPA 的 IC50 为 161.81 nM，低于邻苯二甲酸酯的平均值 (61.95 nM)。此外，与低分子量邻苯二甲酸酯（DMP、DEP、DIBP、BBP）相比，发现狗原代睾丸细胞对高分子量邻苯二甲酸酯（DNOP、DEHP、DINP、DIDP）更敏感。进一步的研究应侧重于形态学、生理学和分子学差异，以了解所涉及的机制，并降低伴侣动物医学中环境毒物导致精子发生受损的风险。与低分子量邻苯二甲酸酯（DMP、DEP、DIBP、BBP）相比，犬原代睾丸细胞对高分子量邻苯二甲酸酯（DNOP、DEHP、DINP、DIDP）更敏感。进一步的研究应侧重于形态学、生理学和分子学差异，以了解所涉及的机制，并降低伴侣动物医学中环境毒物导致精子发生受损的风险。与低分子量邻苯二甲酸酯（DMP、DEP、DIBP、BBP）相比，犬原代睾丸细胞对高分子量邻苯二甲酸酯（DNOP、DEHP、DINP、DIDP）更敏感。进一步的研究应侧重于形态学、生理学和分子学差异，以了解所涉及的机制，并降低伴侣动物医学中环境毒物导致精子发生受损的风险。