The nanostructured composite catalyst of potassium compounds-Al₂O₃, or briefly K/Al₂O₃, was prepared by using the sol-gel urea combustion method using potassium and aluminum nitrates as precursors, which was applied in the transesterification reaction of sunflower and waste cooking oils to produce biodiesel. The molar ratio of potassium nitrate to aluminum nitrate of 0.5 in the synthesizing solution of the catalyst and calcination temperature of 650 °C were obtained from the optimization experiments of the catalyst. The optimized K/Al₂O₃ catalyst was characterized by ICP, XRD, SEM, and TGA. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of the produced biodiesel confirmed the formation of methyl esters. The effects of the operating conditions like methanol to oil molar ratio, catalyst dose, reaction temperature, and time on the biodiesel production were investigated, modeled, and optimized using the response surface methodology. The results of statistical analysis of the experimental model showed that linear term of temperature and interaction term of temperature and time had the strongest effect on the biodiesel yield. The optimized operating conditions were methanol to oil molar ratio of 17:1, catalyst dose of 8.25 wt.%, temperature of 70 °C, and time of 7 h. Under these conditions, the experimental yield of biodiesel production was 88.74% from sunflower oil and 82.01% from waste cooking oil. The properties of the produced biodiesels like density, pour point, cloud point, cetane number, and acid value were measured, which were comparable with the standards.

采用溶胶-凝胶尿素燃烧法，以硝酸钾和硝酸铝为前驱体，制备了钾化合物-Al ₂ O ₃或简称K / Al ₂ O ₃的纳米复合催化剂，该催化剂用于向日葵的酯交换反应。并浪费食用油来生产生物柴油。通过催化剂的优化实验，得到了催化剂合成溶液中硝酸钾与硝酸铝的摩尔比为0.5，煅烧温度为650℃。优化的K / Al ₂ O ₃通过ICP，XRD，SEM和TGA对催化剂进行了表征。产生的生物柴油的气相色谱-质谱分析证实了甲酯的形成。使用响应面方法对甲醇，油摩尔比，催化剂用量，反应温度和时间等操作条件对生物柴油生产的影响进行了研究，建模和优化。实验模型的统计分析结果表明，温度的线性项和温度与时间的相互作用项对生物柴油产量的影响最大。优化的操作条件是甲醇与油的摩尔比为17：1，催化剂剂量为8.25 wt。％，温度为70°C，时间为7 h。在这些条件下，葵花籽油生产生物柴油的实验产率为88.74％，82％。废食用油的01％。测量了所生产生物柴油的特性，例如密度，倾点，浊点，十六烷值和酸值，与标准相当。