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A Comprehensive Characterization of Particulate Matter, Trace Elements, and Gaseous Emissions of Piston-Engine Aircraft.
Environmental Science & Technology ( IF 10.8 ) Pub Date : 2020-05-19 , DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c00815 Enis T Turgut 1 , Gürkan Açıkel 2 , Eftade O Gaga 3 , Duran Çalişir 2 , Mustafa Odabasi 4 , Akif Ari 5 , Gülzade Artun 3 , Soner Özenc İlhan 3 , Umut Savaci 6 , Emre Can 3 , Servet Turan 6
Environmental Science & Technology ( IF 10.8 ) Pub Date : 2020-05-19 , DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c00815 Enis T Turgut 1 , Gürkan Açıkel 2 , Eftade O Gaga 3 , Duran Çalişir 2 , Mustafa Odabasi 4 , Akif Ari 5 , Gülzade Artun 3 , Soner Özenc İlhan 3 , Umut Savaci 6 , Emre Can 3 , Servet Turan 6
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The gaseous and PM10 emissions of a piston-engine aircraft during ground operations at different engine states (six engine speed points and three air/fuel mixtures) representing certain flight phases were concurrently measured from the exhaust duct. PM10 emissions were sampled on a 47 mm-diameter polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) filter in order to be analyzed with an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS/MS) to identify the presence and level of forty-eight elements. The most abundant element is found to be Pb (med = 4.6 × 106 ng m–3), which is 40 times the second most abundant element, Na (med = 1.1 × 105 ng m–3). The filters used for sampling exhaust gases tend to lighten with an increase in engine speed and leaning of the fuel mixture. The average of measured PM mass concentrations at all engine speeds were calculated to be 27.7 mg m–3 (full-rich) > 26.7 mg m–3 (best-power) > 24.7 mg m–3 (best-economy). The total mass of the trace elements constitutes an average of 24.1 ± 12.8% of the mass of PM. Electron microscope analyses suggest that the particles enriched by Al tend to agglomerate in a needle-shaped structure.
中文翻译：
活塞发动机飞机的颗粒物，微量元素和气体排放物的综合表征。
同时从排气管测量了在代表特定飞行阶段的不同发动机状态（六个发动机转速点和三种空气/燃料混合物）的地面操作过程中，活塞发动机飞机的气体和PM 10排放。在直径为47毫米的聚四氟乙烯（PTFE）过滤器上对PM 10排放物进行了采样，以便通过电感耦合等离子体质谱法（ICP-MS / MS）进行分析，以鉴定出48种元素的存在和水平。发现最丰富的元素是Pb（med = 4.6×10 6 ng m –3），是第二个最丰富的元素Na（med = 1.1×10 5 ng m –3）的40倍。）。用于采样废气的过滤器会随着发动机转速的增加和燃油混合物的倾斜而变轻。在所有发动机转速下，测得的PM质量浓度的平均值经计算为27.7 mg m –3（全浓）> 26.7 mg m –3（最佳功率）> 24.7 mg m –3（最佳经济性）。微量元素的总质量平均占PM质量的24.1±12.8％。电子显微镜分析表明，富含Al的颗粒倾向于以针状结构团聚。
更新日期：2020-07-07
中文翻译：
活塞发动机飞机的颗粒物，微量元素和气体排放物的综合表征。
同时从排气管测量了在代表特定飞行阶段的不同发动机状态（六个发动机转速点和三种空气/燃料混合物）的地面操作过程中，活塞发动机飞机的气体和PM 10排放。在直径为47毫米的聚四氟乙烯（PTFE）过滤器上对PM 10排放物进行了采样，以便通过电感耦合等离子体质谱法（ICP-MS / MS）进行分析，以鉴定出48种元素的存在和水平。发现最丰富的元素是Pb（med = 4.6×10 6 ng m –3），是第二个最丰富的元素Na（med = 1.1×10 5 ng m –3）的40倍。）。用于采样废气的过滤器会随着发动机转速的增加和燃油混合物的倾斜而变轻。在所有发动机转速下，测得的PM质量浓度的平均值经计算为27.7 mg m –3（全浓）> 26.7 mg m –3（最佳功率）> 24.7 mg m –3（最佳经济性）。微量元素的总质量平均占PM质量的24.1±12.8％。电子显微镜分析表明，富含Al的颗粒倾向于以针状结构团聚。
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