The T lymphocyte, especially its capacity for antigen-directed cytotoxicity, has become a central focus for engaging the immune system in the fight against cancer. Basic science discoveries elucidating the molecular and cellular biology of the T cell have led to new strategies in this fight, including checkpoint blockade, adoptive cellular therapy and cancer vaccinology. This area of immunological research has been highly active for the past 50 years and is now enjoying unprecedented bench-to-bedside clinical success. Here, we provide a comprehensive historical and biological perspective regarding the advent and clinical implementation of cancer immunotherapeutics, with an emphasis on the fundamental importance of T lymphocyte regulation. We highlight clinical trials that demonstrate therapeutic efficacy and toxicities associated with each class of drug. Finally, we summarize emerging therapies and emphasize the yet to be elucidated questions and future promise within the field of cancer immunotherapy.

中文翻译：

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癌症免疫治疗指南：从 T 细胞基础科学到临床实践。


T 淋巴细胞，特别是其抗原定向细胞毒性的能力，已成为免疫系统对抗癌症的核心焦点。阐明 T 细胞分子和细胞生物学的基础科学发现催生了这场斗争的新策略，包括检查点封锁、过继性细胞疗法和癌症疫苗学。过去 50 年来，这一免疫学研究领域一直非常活跃，目前正在享受前所未有的从实验室到临床的临床成功。在这里，我们提供了关于癌症免疫疗法的出现和临床实施的全面历史和生物学观点，重点强调了 T 淋巴细胞调节的根本重要性。我们重点介绍证明每类药物的治疗功效和毒性的临床试验。最后，我们总结了新兴疗法，并强调癌症免疫疗法领域尚未阐明的问题和未来前景。