Abstract We investigated the effects of group-level perspective taking when the target is an outgroup versus an ingroup. Men and women adopted the perspective of women suffering from wage inequality or remained objective. Men set lower injustice standards (i.e., required less evidence to conclude that gender inequality was unfair) and experienced higher empathic concern for women when they adopted women’s perspective. For women, these perspective-taking effects were similar if they imagined the situation of an outgroup (Experiment 2) but were small or negligible when they imagined the situation of an ingroup (Experiments 1–4). Results suggest that group-level perspective-taking effects on empathic concern and injustice standards require the perception of a distinction between the group-level self and the target group.

中文翻译：

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当受害者被归类为外群体与内群体时，群体层面的视角对不公正标准和移情关注的影响

摘要 当目标是外群体与内群体时，我们研究了群体层面的观点采择的影响。男性和女性接受了遭受工资不平等的女性的观点，或者仍然保持客观。男性设定了较低的不公正标准（即，只需较少的证据就可以得出性别不平等不公平的结论），并且当他们采用女性的观点时，对女性的同理心关注度更高。对于女性来说，如果她们想象外群体的情况（实验 2），这些观点采择效果是相似的，但当她们想象内群体的情况时（实验 1-4）则很小或可以忽略不计。结果表明，群体层面的观点采择对移情关注和不公正标准的影响需要对群体层面自我和目标群体之间的区别的感知。