Background: Rapid infant weight gain is a risk factor for childhood obesity. This relationship may depend on whether infant weight gain is preceded by in-utero growth restriction.Aim: Examine whether fetal growth modifies the relationship between infant weight gain and childhood adiposity and blood pressure.Subjects and methods: 786 children in the Southampton Women's Survey. We related infant weight gain (weight at 2 years-birth weight) to body mass index (BMI), %body fat, trunk fat (kg), systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) at age 6-7 years. Mean estimated fetal weight (EFW) between 19-34 weeks and change in EFW (19-34 weeks) were added to models as effect modifiers.Results: Infant weight gain was positively associated with all childhood outcomes. We found no evidence that these effects were modified by fetal growth (p > .1 for all interaction terms). For example, a 1 standard deviation (SD) increase in infant weight gain was associated with an increase in BMI z-score of 0.51 (95% CI 0.37;0.64) when EFW-change was set at -2 SD-scores compared with an increase of 0.41 (95% CI 0.27;0.54, p(interaction)=.48) when set at 2 SD-scores.Conclusion: The documented adverse consequences of rapid infant weight gain may occur regardless of whether growth was constrained in-utero.

中文翻译：

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在南安普敦妇女的调查中，胎儿的生长不会改变婴儿体重增加与儿童肥胖和血压之间的关系。

背景：婴儿体重快速增加是儿童肥胖的危险因素。这种关系可能取决于婴儿体重增加之前是否存在宫内生长受限。目的：检查胎儿生长是否会改变婴儿体重增加与儿童肥胖和血压之间的关系。对象和方法：南安普敦妇女调查中的 786 名儿童。我们将婴儿体重增加（2 岁出生体重时的体重）与 6-7 岁时的体重指数 (BMI)、体脂百分比、躯干脂肪 (kg)、收缩压 (SBP) 和舒张压 (DBP) 联系起来。将 19-34 周的平均估计胎儿体重 (EFW) 和 EFW (19-34 周) 的变化添加到模型中作为效果修饰符。结果：婴儿体重增加与所有儿童期结局呈正相关。我们没有发现任何证据表明这些影响会受到胎儿生长的影响（p > . 1 对于所有交互项）。例如，当 EFW 变化设定为 -2 SD 分数时，婴儿体重增加 1 个标准差 (SD) 与 BMI z 分数增加 0.51 (95% CI 0.37;0.64) 相关，而当设置为 2 个 SD 分数时，增加了 0.41 (95% CI 0.27;0.54, p(interaction)=.48)。结论：无论生长是否在子宫内受到限制，都可能发生已记录的婴儿体重快速增加的不良后果。