The Southern Annular Mode: Variability, trends, and climate impacts across the Southern Hemisphere,WIREs Climate Change

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The Southern Annular Mode: Variability, trends, and climate impacts across the Southern Hemisphere
WIREs Climate Change ( IF 9.4 ) Pub Date : 2020-05-19 , DOI: 10.1002/wcc.652
Ryan L. Fogt ₁ , Gareth J. Marshall ₂

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The Southern Annular Mode (SAM) is the leading mode of extratropical Southern Hemisphere climate variability, associated with changes in the strength and position of the polar jet around Antarctica. This variability in the polar jet drives large fluctuations in the Southern Hemisphere climate, from the lower stratosphere into the troposphere, and stretching from the midlatitudes across the Southern Ocean to Antarctica. Notably, the SAM index has displayed marked positive trends in the austral summer season (stronger and poleward shifted westerlies), associated with stratospheric ozone loss. Historical reconstructions demonstrate that these recent positive SAM index values are unprecedented in the last millennia, and fall outside the range of natural climate variability. Despite these advances in the understanding of the SAM behavior, several areas of active research are identified that highlight gaps in our present knowledge.

中文翻译：

南部环形模式：整个南半球的变化，趋势和气候影响

南半球环状模式（SAM）是南半球温带温带变化的主导模式，与南极周围极地喷气流的强度和位置有关。极地喷气机的这种可变性导致南半球气候发生大的波动，从低平流层到对流层，并从中纬度延伸到整个南大洋到南极洲。值得注意的是，SAM指数在夏季夏季（平流层偏强和极偏西风）显示出明显的积极趋势，与平流层臭氧损失有关。历史重建表明，这些最近的正SAM指数值在最近一千年中是前所未有的，并且超出了自然气候变化的范围。尽管在了解SAM行为方面取得了这些进步，

更新日期：2020-05-19

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