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Distributed Feedback Lasers Based on Green Fluorescent Protein and Conformal High Refractive Index Oxide Layers
Laser & Photonics Reviews ( IF 9.8 ) Pub Date : 2020-05-19 , DOI: 10.1002/lpor.202000101 Markus Karl 1 , Andrew Meek 1 , Caroline Murawski 1 , Laura Tropf 1 , Changmin Keum 1 , Marcel Schubert 1 , Ifor D. W. Samuel 1 , Graham A. Turnbull 1 , Malte C. Gather 1
Laser & Photonics Reviews ( IF 9.8 ) Pub Date : 2020-05-19 , DOI: 10.1002/lpor.202000101 Markus Karl 1 , Andrew Meek 1 , Caroline Murawski 1 , Laura Tropf 1 , Changmin Keum 1 , Marcel Schubert 1 , Ifor D. W. Samuel 1 , Graham A. Turnbull 1 , Malte C. Gather 1
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Fluorescent proteins have emerged as an attractive gain material for lasers, especially for devices requiring biocompatibility. However, due to their optical properties, integration with distributed feedback (DFB) resonators is not readily achievable. Here, a DFB laser with enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) as the gain material is demonstrated by incorporating a thin (65 nm), high refractive index (n = 2.12) ZrO2 interlayer as waveguide core. Deposition of ZrO2 via atomic layer deposition yields a smooth and conformal film as required to minimize optical losses. Lasing emission is obtained from 2D second‐order DFB eGFP lasers at pump power densities above 56.6 kW cm–2 and a wavelength tuning range of Δλ = 51.7 nm is demonstrated. Furthermore, it is shown that in contrast to conventional organic DFB lasers, both transverse electric (TE) and transverse magnetic (TM) modes are accessible. The effective refractive index of these modes can be predicted accurately through optical modelling. Using far‐field imaging, the laser beam profile is studied and TE and TM modes are distinguished.
中文翻译：
基于绿色荧光蛋白和共形高折射率氧化物层的分布式反馈激光器
荧光蛋白已成为激光的一种有吸引力的增益材料，特别是对于需要生物相容性的设备。但是，由于它们的光学特性，与分布式反馈（DFB）谐振器的集成并不容易实现。这里，通过掺入薄的（65 nm），高折射率（n = 2.12）的ZrO 2夹层作为波导芯，展示了具有增强的绿色荧光蛋白（eGFP）作为增益材料的DFB激光器。通过原子层沉积法沉积ZrO 2可以产生所需的光滑保形膜，以最大程度地减少光学损失。激光发射从2D二阶DFB激光器的eGFP在泵功率密度以上56.6千瓦厘米获得-2和一个波长调谐范围Δ的λ 证明＝ 51.7nm。此外，显示出与常规有机DFB激光器相反，横向电（TE）和横向磁（TM）模式都是可访问的。这些模式的有效折射率可以通过光学建模准确地预测。使用远场成像，研究了激光束轮廓并区分了TE和TM模式。
更新日期：2020-05-19
中文翻译：
基于绿色荧光蛋白和共形高折射率氧化物层的分布式反馈激光器
荧光蛋白已成为激光的一种有吸引力的增益材料，特别是对于需要生物相容性的设备。但是，由于它们的光学特性，与分布式反馈（DFB）谐振器的集成并不容易实现。这里，通过掺入薄的（65 nm），高折射率（n = 2.12）的ZrO 2夹层作为波导芯，展示了具有增强的绿色荧光蛋白（eGFP）作为增益材料的DFB激光器。通过原子层沉积法沉积ZrO 2可以产生所需的光滑保形膜，以最大程度地减少光学损失。激光发射从2D二阶DFB激光器的eGFP在泵功率密度以上56.6千瓦厘米获得-2和一个波长调谐范围Δ的λ 证明＝ 51.7nm。此外，显示出与常规有机DFB激光器相反，横向电（TE）和横向磁（TM）模式都是可访问的。这些模式的有效折射率可以通过光学建模准确地预测。使用远场成像，研究了激光束轮廓并区分了TE和TM模式。
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