We report the observation of solar wind‐magnetosphere‐ionosphere interactions using a series of flux transfer events (FTEs) observed by Magnetospheric MultiScale (MMS) mission located near the dayside magnetopause on 18 December 2017. The FTEs were observed to propagate duskward and either southward or slightly northward, as predicted under duskward and southward interplanetary magnetic field (IMF). The Cooling model also predicted a significant dawnward propagation of northward‐moving FTEs. Near the MMS footprint, a series of poleward‐moving auroral forms (PMAFs) occurred almost simultaneously with those FTEs. They propagated poleward and westward, consistent with the modeled FTE propagation. The intervals between FTEs, relatively consistent with those between PMAFs, strongly suggest a one‐to‐one correspondence between the dayside transients and ionospheric responses. The FTEs embedded in continuous reconnection observed by MMS and corresponding PMAFs individually occurred during persistent auroral activity recorded by an all‐sky imager strongly indicate that those FTEs/PMAFs resulted from the temporal modulation of the reconnection rate during continuous reconnection. With the decay of the PMAFs associated with the FTEs, patch‐like plasma density enhancements were detected to form and propagate poleward and then dawnward. Propagation to the dawn was also suggested by the Super Dual Auroral Radar Network (SuperDARN) convection and Global Positioning System (GPS) total electron content data. We relate the temporal variation of the driving solar‐wind and magnetospheric mechanism to that of the high‐latitude and polar ionospheric responses and estimate the response time.

中文翻译：

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磁通转移事件，极移动极光形式和极地斑块的顺序观测

我们报告了使用一系列磁通量转移事件（FTE）观测到的太阳风-磁层-电离层相互作用的情况，该事件由2017年12月18日位于日间磁层顶附近的磁层多尺度（MMS）任务观测到。观测到的FTE向黄昏和向南传播或略微偏北，如在黄昏和南方行星际磁场（IMF）下所预测的。冷却模型还预测了向北移动的FTE会显着向黎明传播。在MMS足迹附近，一系列极移运动的极光形式（PMAF）与那些FTE几乎同时发生。它们沿极地和向西传播，与模拟的FTE传播一致。FTE之间的间隔与PMAF之间的间隔相对一致，强烈建议白天的瞬变与电离层响应之间是一一对应的。MMS观察到的嵌入在连续重连中的FTE和相应的PMAF分别在全天候成像仪记录的持续极光活动期间发生，强烈表明这些FTE / PMAF是由连续重连期间的重连速率的时间调制引起的。随着与FTE相关的PMAF的衰减，斑块状血浆密度增强被检测到形成并向极地传播，然后向黎明传播。超级双极光雷达网络（SuperDARN）对流和全球定位系统（GPS）总电子含量数据也暗示了传播到黎明。