Earth's temperature is increasing due to anthropogenic CO2 emissions; and organisms need either to adapt to higher temperatures, migrate into colder areas, or face extinction. Temperature affects nearly all aspects of an organism's physiology via its influence on metabolic rate and protein structure, therefore genetic adaptation to increased temperature may be much harder to achieve compared to other abiotic stresses. There is still much to be learned about the evolutionary potential for adaptation to higher temperatures, therefore we studied the quantitative genetics of growth rates in different temperatures that make up the thermal performance curve of the fungal model system Neurospora crassa. We studied the amount of genetic variation for thermal performance curves and examined possible genetic constraints by estimating the G-matrix. We observed a substantial amount of genetic variation for growth in different temperatures, and most genetic variation was for performance curve elevation. Contrary to common theoretical assumptions, we did not find strong evidence for genetic trade-offs for growth between hotter and colder temperatures. We also simulated short term evolution of thermal performance curves of N. crassa, and suggest that they can have versatile responses to selection. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

中文翻译：

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粗糙脉孢菌温度性能曲线的数量遗传学

由于人为二氧化碳排放，地球温度正在升高；生物要么需要适应更高的温度，要么迁移到更寒冷的地区，要么面临灭绝。温度通过影响代谢率和蛋白质结构来影响生物体生理的几乎所有方面，因此与其他非生物胁迫相比，对温度升高的遗传适应可能更难实现。关于适应更高温度的进化潜力还有很多有待了解，因此我们研究了不同温度下生长速率的数量遗传学，这些温度构成了真菌模型系统粗糙脉孢菌的热性能曲线。我们研究了热性能曲线的遗传变异量，并通过估计 G 矩阵检查了可能的遗传约束。我们观察到在不同温度下生长的大量遗传变异，大多数遗传变异是性能曲线升高。与常见的理论假设相反，我们没有找到强有力的证据证明在较热和较冷温度之间生长的遗传权衡。我们还模拟了粗糙脉孢菌热性能曲线的短期演变，并表明它们可以对选择有多种反应。本文受版权保护。版权所有。我们还模拟了粗糙脉孢菌热性能曲线的短期演变，并表明它们可以对选择有多种反应。本文受版权保护。版权所有。我们还模拟了粗糙脉孢菌热性能曲线的短期演变，并表明它们可以对选择有多种反应。本文受版权保护。版权所有。