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More than one way to be a giant: Convergence and disparity in the hip joints of saurischian dinosaurs
Evolution ( IF 3.1 ) Pub Date : 2020-06-27 , DOI: 10.1111/evo.14017
Henry P Tsai 1 , Kevin M Middleton 2 , John R Hutchinson 3 , Casey M Holliday 2
Affiliation  

Saurischian dinosaurs evolved seven orders of magnitude in body mass, as well as a wide diversity of hip joint morphology and locomotor postures. The very largest saurischians possess incongruent bony hip joints, suggesting that large volumes of soft tissues mediated hip articulation. To understand the evolutionary trends and functional relationships between body size and hip anatomy of saurischians, we tested the relationships among discrete and continuous morphological characters using phylogenetically corrected regression. Giant theropods and sauropods convergently evolved highly cartilaginous hip joints by reducing supraacetabular ossifications, a condition unlike that in early dinosauromorphs. However, transitions in femoral and acetabular soft tissues indicate that large sauropods and theropods built their hip joints in fundamentally different ways. In sauropods, the femoral head possesses irregularly rugose subchondral surfaces for thick hyaline cartilage. Hip articulation was achieved primarily using the highly cartilaginous femoral head and the supraacetabular labrum on the acetabular ceiling. In contrast, theropods covered their femoral head and neck with thinner hyaline cartilage and maintained extensive articulation between the fibrocartilaginous femoral neck and the antitrochanter. These findings suggest that the hip joints of giant sauropods were built to sustain large compressive loads whereas those of giant theropods experienced compression and shear forces. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

中文翻译:

成为巨人的方式不止一种:蜥蜴类恐龙髋关节的融合和差异

蜥脚类恐龙的体重进化了七个数量级,髋关节形态和运动姿势也多种多样。最大的蜥蜴类拥有不一致的骨髋关节,这表明大量软组织介导了髋关节。为了了解蜥蜴类动物的体型和臀部解剖结构之间的进化趋势和功能关系,我们使用系统发育校正回归测试了离散和连续形态特征之间的关系。巨型兽脚类恐龙和蜥脚类恐龙通过减少髋臼上的骨化,会聚进化出高度软骨化的髋关节,这种情况与早期恐龙形态不同。然而,股骨和髋臼软组织的转变表明大型蜥脚类动物和兽脚类动物以根本不同的方式构建髋关节。在蜥脚类动物中,股骨头具有不规则皱纹的软骨下表面,形成厚厚的透明软骨。髋关节连接主要是使用高度软骨化的股骨头和髋臼顶上的髋臼上盂唇实现的。相比之下,兽脚类动物用较薄的透明软骨覆盖其股骨头和颈部,并在纤维软骨股骨颈和抗转子之间保持广泛的关节。这些发现表明,巨型蜥脚类恐龙的髋关节可以承受巨大的压缩载荷,而巨型兽脚类恐龙的髋关节则承受压缩力和剪切力。本文受版权保护。版权所有。在蜥脚类动物中,股骨头具有不规则皱纹的软骨下表面,形成厚厚的透明软骨。髋关节连接主要是使用高度软骨化的股骨头和髋臼顶上的髋臼上盂唇实现的。相比之下,兽脚类动物用较薄的透明软骨覆盖其股骨头和颈部,并在纤维软骨股骨颈和抗转子之间保持广泛的关节。这些发现表明,巨型蜥脚类恐龙的髋关节可以承受巨大的压缩载荷,而巨型兽脚类恐龙的髋关节则承受压缩力和剪切力。本文受版权保护。版权所有。在蜥脚类动物中,股骨头具有不规则皱纹的软骨下表面,形成厚厚的透明软骨。髋关节连接主要是使用高度软骨化的股骨头和髋臼顶上的髋臼上盂唇实现的。相比之下,兽脚类动物用较薄的透明软骨覆盖其股骨头和颈部,并在纤维软骨股骨颈和抗转子之间保持广泛的关节。这些发现表明,巨型蜥脚类恐龙的髋关节可以承受巨大的压缩载荷,而巨型兽脚类恐龙的髋关节则承受压缩力和剪切力。本文受版权保护。版权所有。髋关节连接主要是使用高度软骨化的股骨头和髋臼顶上的髋臼上盂唇实现的。相比之下,兽脚类动物用较薄的透明软骨覆盖其股骨头和颈部,并在纤维软骨股骨颈和抗转子之间保持广泛的关节。这些发现表明,巨型蜥脚类恐龙的髋关节可以承受巨大的压缩载荷,而巨型兽脚类恐龙的髋关节则承受压缩力和剪切力。本文受版权保护。版权所有。髋关节连接主要是使用高度软骨化的股骨头和髋臼顶上的髋臼上盂唇实现的。相比之下,兽脚类动物用较薄的透明软骨覆盖其股骨头和颈部,并在纤维软骨股骨颈和抗转子之间保持广泛的关节。这些发现表明,巨型蜥脚类恐龙的髋关节可以承受巨大的压缩载荷,而巨型兽脚类恐龙的髋关节则承受压缩力和剪切力。本文受版权保护。版权所有。这些发现表明,巨型蜥脚类恐龙的髋关节可以承受巨大的压缩载荷,而巨型兽脚类恐龙的髋关节则承受压缩力和剪切力。本文受版权保护。版权所有。这些发现表明,巨型蜥脚类恐龙的髋关节可以承受巨大的压缩载荷,而巨型兽脚类恐龙的髋关节则承受压缩力和剪切力。本文受版权保护。版权所有。
更新日期:2020-06-27
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