Abstract The effects of smoke-derived karrikins (KAR1) on the contents of endogenous signal molecules including (Ca2+)–calmodulin (CaM), brassinolide (BL) and Jasmonic acid (JA) and secondary metabolite Salvianolic acid B (SAB) in Salvia miltiorrhiza hairy roots have been investigated. The results showed that the burst of Ca2+–CaM, BL and JA were early responses of S. miltiorrhiza responding to KAR1. Treatments with exogenous CaCl2 and BL dramatically improved the level of JA, while JA inhibitor salicylhydroxamic acid/n-propylgallate (SHAM/PrGall) did not influence levels of Ca2+ and BL in S. miltiorrhiza hairy roots. Furthermore, pretreatments with the Ca2+ channel blockers LaCl3 (La3+) and Verapamil (VERA), and CaM antagonists [N-(6-amin-ohexyl)-5-chloro-1-naphthalene sulfonamide hydrochloride] (W7) and trifluoperazine (TFP) substantially reduced KAR1-induced BL accumulation, while the Ca2+ production induced by KAR1 was reduced by BL inhibitor Brassinazole (BRz). It suggested that Ca2+ and BL seem to have a parallel relationship and act as upstream signaling molecules to medicate the production of JA. The inhibitory effects of VERA, W7, BRz and SHAM toward SAB production induced by the KAR1 could be reversed by exogenous jasmonate methyl (JAMe), while the exogenous CaCl2 and BL had no similar effects. It proved that Ca2+–CaM, BL mediated the KAR1-induced increase of SAB dependent on the generation of JA in S. miltiorrhiza hairy roots. This study help us understand the regulatory mechanism of Ca2+–CaM, BL, JA on KAR1-induced accumulation of SAB in S. miltiorrhiza hairy roots.

中文翻译：

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Karrikins 诱导丹酚酸 B 的积累是由丹参中钙调蛋白、芸苔素内酯和茉莉酸介导的

摘要 烟源性karrikins（KAR1）对丹参中（Ca2+）-钙调蛋白（CaM）、芸苔素内酯（BL）和茉莉酸（JA）以及次生代谢产物丹酚酸B（SAB）等内源性信号分子含量的影响毛根进行了研究。结果表明，Ca2+-CaM、BL和JA的爆发是丹参对KAR1的早期反应。外源性 CaCl2 和 BL 处理显着提高了 JA 水平，而 JA 抑制剂水杨基异羟肟酸/没食子酸正丙酯 (SHAM/PrGall) 不影响丹参毛根中 Ca2+ 和 BL 的水平。此外，用 Ca2+ 通道阻滞剂 LaCl3 (La3+) 和维拉帕米 (VERA) 进行预处理，和 CaM 拮抗剂 [N-(6-amin-ohexyl)-5-chloro-1-naphthalene sulfonamide hydrochloride] (W7) 和三氟拉嗪 (TFP) 显着减少了 KAR1 诱导的 BL 积累，而 KAR1 诱导的 Ca2+ 产生减少了BL 抑制剂芸苔素 (BRz)。这表明Ca2+和BL似乎具有平行关系，并作为上游信号分子来调节JA的产生。VERA、W7、BRz 和 SHAM 对 KAR1 诱导的 SAB 产生的抑制作用可以被外源茉莉酸甲酯 (JAMe) 逆转，而外源 CaCl2 和 BL 没有类似的作用。证明 Ca2+–CaM, BL 介导了 KAR1 诱导的 SAB 增加，这取决于丹参毛根中 JA 的产生。本研究有助于我们了解 Ca2+–CaM、BL、JA 对 KAR1 诱导的 SAB 积累的调控机制。