Abstract Two-layer fluid flows with evaporation at the thermocapillary interface have been studied on the basis of the partially invariant solution of the convection equations. The modeling of the 3D fluid flows has been performed in an infinite channel of the rectangular cross section without assuming the axis-symmetrical character of the flows. The fluid flow patterns are determined by various thermal, mechanical and structural effects. Numerical investigations have been carried out for the liquid – gas system like ethanol – nitrogen and HFE-7100 – nitrogen under terrestrial conditions. The solution takes into account the direct and inverse thermodiffusion effects in the gas – vapor phase. Influence of the applied thermal load, thickness of the liquid layer and thermophysical properties of the working media on topology and character of the flows is studied. It allows one to describe the formation of thermocapillary rolls and symmetrical multi-vortex structures in the systems with heat transfer liquids like the ethanol or HFE-7100. The appearance of the thermal and solutal shafts, and the near-wall condensation effects observed in real experiments are predicted by the solution.

中文翻译：

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不同类型液相冷却剂在三维通道中蒸发对流状态的数值研究

摘要 基于对流方程的部分不变解，研究了热毛细管界面蒸发的两层流体流动。3D 流体流动的建模是在矩形横截面的无限通道中进行的，而没有假设流动的轴对称特性。流体流动模式由各种热、机械和结构效应决定。已经对陆地条件下的液-气系统如乙醇-氮和HFE-7100-氮进行了数值研究。该解决方案考虑了气相 - 气相中的直接和逆向热扩散效应。施加的热负荷的影响，研究了液层厚度和工作介质的热物理特性对流动拓扑和特征的影响。它允许人们描述在具有传热液体（如乙醇或 HFE-7100）的系统中热毛细管辊和对称多涡流结构的形成。该解决方案预测了热轴和溶质轴的出现，以及在实际实验中观察到的近壁冷凝效应。