Abstract Our goal was to identify soil, plant and climate attributes that are most closely related to soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] yield variation in Pennsylvania. We studied 22 site-years over the 2016 and 2017 growing seasons in two regions. The average yields were 3.4 Mg ha-1 in 2016 (range 1.4 to 5 Mg ha-1) and 5.5 Mg ha-1 in 2017 (range 3.5 to 7.4 Mg ha-1). Solar radiation capture and water availability, both controlled by planting date, were the main predictors of soybean yield. Principal component analysis and Random Forest analysis revealed that the soil predictors of soybean yield were the content of zinc, copper, phosphorus, sulfur, potassium, as well as A horizon depth and total soil depth. The yield response to nutrients is likely a surrogate for a more complex response to animal manure additions. Soybean yield correlated positively with the ratio of soil respiration to soil organic matter, but did not correlate with the physical and biological soil metrics in the comprehensive Cornell Assessment of Soil Health (CASH). Saturated hydraulic conductivity (ksat) and root depth correlated with both soybean yield and each other. Thus, while planting date sets the maximum achievable yield, only soils having the most water and nutrient availability (manured soils with high ksat) expressed yields exceeding 7 Mg ha-1. The ksat appears to be a valuable indicator of soil condition that can be relevant well beyond its association with high soybean grain yield.

中文翻译：

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与环境和土壤特性相关的大豆产量

摘要 我们的目标是确定与宾夕法尼亚州大豆 [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] 产量变化最密切相关的土壤、植物和气候属性。我们研究了两个地区 2016 年和 2017 年生长季节的 22 个地点年。2016 年的平均产量为 3.4 Mg ha-1（范围为 1.4 至 5 Mg ha-1），2017 年为 5.5 Mg ha-1（范围为 3.5 至 7.4 Mg ha-1）。受种植日期控制的太阳辐射捕获和可用水量是大豆产量的主要预测因素。主成分分析和随机森林分析表明，大豆产量的土壤预测因子是锌、铜、磷、硫、钾的含量，以及A层深度和土壤总深度。对养分的产量反应可能是对动物粪便添加的更复杂反应的替代。大豆产量与土壤呼吸与土壤有机质的比率呈正相关，但与康奈尔土壤健康综合评估 (CASH) 中的物理和生物土壤指标无关。饱和导水率 (ksat) 和根深与大豆产量相互关联。因此，虽然种植日期设定了可实现的最大产量，但只有水分和养分利用率最高的土壤（具有高 ksat 的施肥土壤）的产量超过 7 Mg ha-1。ksat 似乎是土壤状况的一个有价值的指标，它的相关性远远超出了它与高大豆谷物产量的关联。饱和导水率 (ksat) 和根深与大豆产量相互关联。因此，虽然种植日期设定了可实现的最大产量，但只有水分和养分利用率最高的土壤（具有高 ksat 的施肥土壤）的产量超过 7 Mg ha-1。ksat 似乎是土壤状况的一个有价值的指标，它的相关性远远超出了它与高大豆谷物产量的关联。饱和导水率 (ksat) 和根深与大豆产量相互关联。因此，虽然种植日期设定了可实现的最大产量，但只有水分和养分利用率最高的土壤（具有高 ksat 的施肥土壤）的产量超过 7 Mg ha-1。ksat 似乎是土壤状况的一个有价值的指标，它的相关性远远超出了它与高大豆谷物产量的关联。