Bone defect therapy based on advanced biocomposite hydrogel scaffolds provide a promising strategy in bone tissue engineering. Inducing bone regeneration that meets the biomechanical, bioactivity and osteoconductivity criteria of bone tissue engineering is highly appealing but challenging. Here, we designed a mineralized, high-strength and tough nanocomposite hydrogel by in situ deposition of calcium phosphate hydroxide salt nanohydroxyapatite (HAP) after photopolymerization of gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA), quaternized chitosan (QCS) and functional polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS), in which the POSS nanoparticles served as a physical-chemical crosslinker to reinforce the hydrogel network structure and improved mineralized capacity by silicon in POSS nanoparticle bonding to calcium ions. The fabricated nanocomposite hydrogels have excellent mechanical properties (tensile strength of 328.6 ± 14.3 kPa and compressive strength of 1.71 ± 0.24 MPa) and high cytocompatibility, significantly facilitated cell adhesion and upregulated osteodifferentiation. After treatment of a rat skull defect model for 12 weeks, the scaffold of the biomineralized hydrogel remarkably promoted new bone formation and accelerated bone regeneration in situ, suggesting its used as a promising substitute in bone tissue engineering.

基于先进的生物复合水凝胶支架的骨缺损治疗在骨组织工程中提供了一种有希望的策略。满足骨组织工程的生物力学，生物活性和骨传导性标准的诱导骨再生是非常有吸引力的，但是具有挑战性。在这里，我们通过在明胶甲基丙烯酰基（GelMA），季铵化壳聚糖（QCS）和功能性多面体低聚倍半硅氧烷（POSS）光聚合后，通过原位沉积磷酸钙氢氧化钙盐纳米羟基磷灰石（HAP）来设计矿化的，高强度且坚韧的纳米复合水凝胶，其中POSS纳米粒子充当物理化学交联剂，通过POSS纳米粒子中的硅键合至钙离子来增强水凝胶网络结构并提高矿化能力。所制备的纳米复合水凝胶具有优异的机械性能（抗张强度为328.6±14.3 kPa，抗压强度为1.71±0.24 MPa）和高细胞相容性，显着促进了细胞粘附并促进了骨分化。治疗大鼠颅骨缺损模型12周后，生物矿化水凝胶的支架显着促进了新骨的形成并加速了原位骨的再生，表明其已被用作骨组织工程中的有希望的替代品。