Abstract MPAs are expected to improve the conservation status of rare and important habitats and species. However, the reduction in anthropogenic pressure due to such management measures is rarely estimated. Although MPA networks may cover a large proportion of the seabed, designated areas that prohibit damaging fishing activity are often much smaller. This case study compares fishing pressure inside and outside areas covered by Scottish MPAs and MPA management measures, further relating its distribution to bottom ruggedness, which influences benthic communities and their exposure to mobile bottom fishing. While 7% of the study region was found to be within MPA boundaries, only 2.5% of the region was subject to management measures that restrict mobile bottom fishing. Taking historical levels of fishing as a benchmark, management measures have been applied to

中文翻译：

---

海洋保护区能有效消除底栖物种和栖息地的捕捞压力吗？

摘要 海洋保护区有望改善稀有和重要栖息地和物种的保护状况。然而，很少有人估计由于此类管理措施而导致的人为压力减少。尽管海洋保护区网络可能覆盖大部分海床，但禁止破坏性捕鱼活动的指定区域通常要小得多。本案例研究比较了苏格兰 MPA 和 MPA 管理措施覆盖的区域内外的捕捞压力，进一步将其分布与底部坚固性联系起来，这会影响底栖群落及其对移动底层捕捞的影响。虽然发现 7% 的研究区域位于 MPA 边界内，但只有 2.5% 的区域受到限制移动底层捕捞的管理措施的约束。以历史捕捞水平为基准，