In this work, we show that large-scale processes of the long-range propagation and scattering of infrasound signals in stratospheric and thermospheric waveguides are to some extent similar to the smaller scale processes of waveguide propagation and scattering of acoustic signals in stably stratified ABL. Moreover, we note a resemblance between the zeroth order tropospheric mode and the Lamb mode that is observed for larger nuclear explosions. The results of physical modeling of the long-range propagation of infrasound signals in the atmosphere by studying the propagation of the acoustic pulses from detonation sources in the stably stratified atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) are presented. Such modeling became possible due to continuous measurement of the wind velocity and temperature profiles in the ABL by Doppler sodar and temperature profiler, respectively. The resemblance between the propagation of the infrasound signals from surface explosions (20–70 t TNT) in the “shallow” tropospheric wave guide and propagation of Lamb mode from nuclear explosions is found. Also, the propagation of infrasound signals in the stratospheric wave guide is modeled by studying the propagation of acoustic pulses in the ABL during morning hours (after sunrise), when an effective sound speed profile in the ABL is similar to that in the stratospheric wave guide. The instantaneous vertical profiles of the effective sound speed and wind velocity fluctuations in the thin layers of the stably stratified ABL located at different heights (up to 700 m) above the ground and at different distances from the source (up to 2.25 km) have been retrieved using the wave forms and travel times of the recorded arrivals of the acoustic pulses from the detonation sources. The effect of scattering of acoustic pulses from the fine-scale layered structure of the stably stratified ABL is studied to model the effect of scattering of infrasound signals from the fine-scale layered structure of the stratosphere.

中文翻译：

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大气边界层作为模拟大气中次声传播和散射的实验室

在这项工作中，我们表明平流层和热层波导中次声信号的长距离传播和散射的大规模过程在某种程度上类似于稳定分层 ABL 中声信号的波导传播和散射的小规模过程。此外，我们注意到零级对流层模式与在较大核爆炸中观察到的兰姆模式之间存在相似之处。通过研究稳定分层大气边界层 (ABL) 中来自爆震源的声脉冲的传播，介绍了次声信号在大气中远距离传播的物理建模结果。由于多普勒声雷达和温度剖面仪连续测量 ABL 中的风速和温度剖面，这种建模成为可能，分别。发现了来自“浅”对流层波导中的表面爆炸（20-70 吨 TNT）的次声信号的传播与来自核爆炸的兰姆模式的传播之间的相似性。此外，当 ABL 中的有效声速剖面与平流层波导中的声速剖面相似时，通过研究 ABL 中声脉冲在早晨（日出后）期间的传播，对平流层波导中的次声信号传播进行建模. 位于地面以上不同高度（高达 700 m）和距震源不同距离（高达 2.0 米）的稳定分层 ABL 薄层中有效声速和风速波动的瞬时垂直剖面图。25 公里）已使用来自爆震源的声脉冲到达记录的波形和传播时间进行检索。研究了来自稳定分层 ABL 细尺度层状结构的声脉冲的散射效应，以模拟来自平流层细尺度层状结构的次声信号的散射效应。