Female response to male sexual signals is context dependent and influenced by a variety of environmental factors. For instance, females often adjust mating preferences in response to predation risk. Social experiences as a juvenile, such as exposure to conspecific sexual signals, have also been shown to influence female mating preferences as adults. Experiments that examine the influence of both environmental factors and early social experiences on female preferences are needed to understand female mating behaviors in the wild. In Pacific field crickets ( Teleogryllus oceanicus ), males produce a calling song that females evaluate during mate choice. We examined the influence of both risk perception and juvenile exposure to calling song in shaping adult T. oceanicus female phonotaxis to either a high- or low-quality calling song. We predicted that females raised in song-less conditions would be more responsive to calling song to maximize mating opportunities, and that females would show reduced response to calling in a risky, open area. Females raised in a song-deprived environment were much more responsive to calling song compared to those reared with song. In contrast to our predictions, females raised in song-less conditions were more responsive to the high-quality song in the risky, open arena. These results suggest that juvenile acoustic rearing influences female responsiveness to male calling song, but it has less influence on strength of preference for signal quality.

中文翻译：

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声学经验与感知的捕食风险相互作用，以塑造蟋蟀的雌性反应

女性对男性性信号的反应取决于环境，并受各种环境因素的影响。例如，雌性通常会根据捕食风险调整交配偏好。青少年时期的社会经历，例如接触同种性信号，也已被证明会影响成年女性的交配偏好。需要通过实验来检查环境因素和早期社会经验对雌性偏好的影响，以了解野外的雌性交配行为。在太平洋蟋蟀（ Teleogryllus Oceanicus ）中，雄性会发出一首叫声，雌性会在选择配偶时进行评估。我们研究了风险感知和青少年暴露于呼叫歌曲在将成年 T. oceanicus 女性 phonotaxis 塑造为高质量或低质量呼叫歌曲的影响。我们预测，在无声环境中长大的雌性对鸣叫的反应会更大，以最大限度地提高交配机会，而在有风险的开放区域，雌性对鸣叫的反应会降低。与那些在歌曲中长大的女性相比，在缺乏歌曲的环境中长大的女性对叫歌的反应要快得多。与我们的预测相反，在没有歌曲的条件下长大的女性在危险、开放的舞台上对高质量歌曲的反应更灵敏。这些结果表明，幼年声学抚养影响雌性对雄性叫声的反应，但对信号质量的偏好强度影响较小。与那些在歌曲中长大的女性相比，在缺乏歌曲的环境中长大的女性对叫歌的反应要快得多。与我们的预测相反，在没有歌曲的条件下长大的女性在危险的开放舞台上对高质量歌曲的反应更灵敏。这些结果表明，幼年声学抚养影响雌性对雄性叫声的反应，但对信号质量的偏好强度影响较小。与那些在歌曲中长大的女性相比，在缺乏歌曲的环境中长大的女性对叫歌的反应要快得多。与我们的预测相反，在没有歌曲的条件下长大的女性在危险、开放的舞台上对高质量歌曲的反应更灵敏。这些结果表明，幼年声学抚养影响雌性对雄性叫声的反应，但对信号质量的偏好强度影响较小。