Digital subtraction angiography (DSA) is frequently applied in interventional radiology (IR). When DSA is not useful due to misregistration, digital angiography (DA) as an alternative option is used. In DA, the harmonization function (HF) works in real time by harmonizing the distribution of gray steps or reducing the dynamic range; thus, it can compress image gradations, decrease image contrast, and suppress halation artifacts. DA with HF as a good alternative to DSA is clinically advantageous in body IR for generating DSA-like images and simultaneously reducing various motion artifacts and misregistrations caused by patient body motion, poor breath-holding, bowel and ureter peristalsis, and cardiac pulsation as well as halation artifacts often stemming from the lung field. Free-breath DA with HF can improve body IR workflow and decrease the procedure time by reducing the risk of catheter dislocation and using background structures as anatomical landmarks, demonstrating reduced radiation exposure relative to DSA. Thus, HF should be more widely and effectively utilized for appropriate purposes in body IR. This article illustrates the basic facts and principles of HF in DA, and demonstrates clinical advantages and limitations of this function in body IR.

中文翻译：

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具有协调功能的数字血管造影在人体介入放射学中的临床应用

数字减影血管造影 (DSA) 经常应用于介入放射学 (IR)。当 DSA 由于配准不当而无用时，可使用数字血管造影 (DA) 作为替代选项。在DA中，协调功能（HF）通过协调灰度级的分布或降低动态范围来实时工作；因此，它可以压缩图像灰度，降低图像对比度，并抑制光晕伪影。带有 HF 的 DA 作为 DSA 的良好替代品在临床上在身体 IR 中具有优势，可生成类似 DSA 的图像，同时减少由患者身体运动、屏气不良、肠和输尿管蠕动以及心脏搏动引起的各种运动伪影和配准不良因为光晕伪影通常来自肺野。带有 HF 的自由呼吸 DA 可以通过降低导管脱位的风险和使用背景结构作为解剖标志来改善身体 IR 工作流程并减少手术时间，证明相对于 DSA 减少了辐射暴露。因此，HF 应该被更广泛和有效地用于身体 IR 中的适当目的。本文阐述了 DA 中 HF 的基本事实和原理，并展示了该功能在身体 IR 中的临床优势和局限性。