The Farmer Field School (FFS) is a widely used method seeking to educate farmers to adapt agricultural decisions to diverse and variable field conditions. Out of 218 screened studies, 65 were selected to review the impact of the FFS. An analytical framework was developed with effects (outputs, outcomes and impacts) arranged according to the human, social, natural and financial domains. Impacts on non-participants of the FFS were addressed as peripheral effects. The FFS demonstrated its potential to enhance human, social, natural and financial capital of rural communities. Human capital was built in the form of critical thinking, innovation, confidence, and quality of life. Effects on social capital included mutual trust, bonding, collective action, networking, and emancipation. Natural capital was enhanced through improvements in field practices, food production, agricultural diversification, and food security. Financial capital was enhanced through increased income and profits, savings and loans schemes, with a potential to reduce poverty. The available body of evidence was unbalanced across the capital domains, providing high coverage of the natural domain but low coverage of the human, social and financial domains. In-depth case studies are needed to elucidate the interactions between livelihood assets, and the influences of the policy, institutional and external environment, in order to adjust FFS interventions aiming to optimize their impacts. Considering the positive effects the FFS can have on rural livelihoods, the FFS has potential to contribute to achieving the Sustainable Development Goals. However, quality assurance of the FFS and a balanced evaluation across the capital domains require attention.

中文翻译：

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农民田间学校在人类、社会、自然和金融领域的影响：定性审查

农民田间学校 (FFS) 是一种广泛使用的方法，旨在教育农民使农业决策适应多样化和多变的田间条件。在 218 项筛选研究中，选择了 65 项来审查 FFS 的影响。开发了一个分析框架，其影响（产出、结果和影响）根据人类、社会、自然和金融领域进行排列。对 FFS 非参与者的影响被视为外围效应。FFS 展示了其增强农村社区人力、社会、自然和金融资本的潜力。人力资本是以批判性思维、创新、信心和生活质量的形式建立的。对社会资本的影响包括相互信任、联系、集体行动、网络和解放。通过改进实地实践，自然资本得到增强，粮食生产、农业多样化和粮食安全。通过增加收入和利润、储蓄和贷款计划增强了金融资本，具有减少贫困的潜力。可用的证据主体在资本领域不平衡，对自然领域的覆盖率很高，但对人力、社会和金融领域的覆盖率较低。需要深入的案例研究来阐明生计资产之间的相互作用以及政策、制度和外部环境的影响，以便调整旨在优化其影响的 FFS 干预措施。考虑到 FFS 对农村生计的积极影响，FFS 有潜力为实现可持续发展目标做出贡献。然而，