BACKGROUND Host shutoff refers to the widespread downregulation of host gene expression and has emerged as a key process that facilitates the reallocation of cellular resources for viral replication and evasion of host antiviral immune responses. MAIN BODY The Herpesviridae family uses a number of proteins that are responsible for host shutoff by directly targeting messenger RNA (mRNA), including virion host shutoff (VHS) protein and the immediate-early regulatory protein ICP27 of herpes simplex virus types 1 (HSV-1) and the SOX (shutoff and exonuclease) protein and its homologs in Gammaherpesvirinae subfamilies, although these proteins are not homologous. In this review, we highlight evidence that host shutoff is promoted by the VHS, ICP27 and SOX-like proteins and that they also contribute to immune evasion. CONCLUSIONS Further studies regarding the host shutoff proteins will not only contribute to provide new insights into the viral replication, expression and host immune evasion process, but also provide new molecular targets for the development of antiviral drugs and therapies.

中文翻译：

---

VHS和SOX样蛋白的宿主关闭活性：在病毒存活和免疫逃逸中的作用。

背景技术宿主关闭是指宿主基因表达的广泛下调，并且已经出现为促进用于病毒复制和逃避宿主抗病毒免疫应答的细胞资源重新分配的关键过程。主体疱疹病毒科使用多种蛋白质，它们通过直接靶向信使RNA（mRNA）来负责宿主的关闭，包括病毒粒子宿主关闭（VHS）蛋白和1型单纯疱疹病毒（HSV- 1）和γ-疱疹病毒亚家族中的SOX（关闭和核酸外切酶）蛋白及其同源物，尽管这些蛋白不是同源的。在这篇综述中，我们重点介绍了VHS，ICP27和SOX样蛋白促进宿主关闭的证据，并且它们也有助于逃避免疫。