BACKGROUND TERMINAL FLOWER 1 (TFL1) is a member of phosphatidylethanolamine-binding protein (PEBP) family, which plays an important role in the determination of floral meristem identity and regulates flowering time in higher plants. RESULTS Five BnaTFL1 gene copies were identified in the genome of Brassica napus. The phylogenetic analysis indicated that all five BnaTFL1 gene copies were clustered with their corresponding homologous copies in the ancestral species, B. rapa and B. oleracea. The expression of the BnaTFL1s were confined to flower buds, flowers, seeds, siliques and stem tissues and displayed distinct expression profiles. Knockout mutants of BnaC03.TFL1 generated by CRISPR/Cas9 exhibited early flowering phenotype, while the knockout mutants of the other gene copies had similar flowering time as the wild type. Furthermore, knock-out mutants of individual BnaTFL1 gene copy displayed altered plant architecture. The plant height, branch initiation height, branch number, silique number, number of seeds per silique and number of siliques on the main inflorescence were significantly reduced in the BnaTFL1 mutants. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicated that BnaC03.TFL1 negatively regulates flowering time in B. napus. BnaC03.TFL1 together with the other BnaTFL1 paralogues are essential for controlling the plant architecture.

中文翻译：

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敲除端子花1基因改变了甘蓝型油菜的开花时间和植物结构。

背景技术终端花1（TFL1）是磷脂酰乙醇胺结合蛋白（PEBP）家族的成员，在确定花卉分生组织特性和调节高等植物的开花时间方面起着重要作用。结果在甘蓝型油菜基因组中鉴定到5个BnaTFL1基因拷贝。系统发育分析表明，所有五个BnaTFL1基因拷贝都与祖先物种B. rapa和B. oleracea中相应的同源拷贝聚在一起。BnaTFL1的表达仅限于花蕾，花，种子，长角果和茎组织，并显示出不同的表达特征。CRISPR / Cas9产生的BnaC03.TFL1的敲除突变体表现出早期开花表型，而其他基因拷贝的敲除突变体具有与野生型相似的开花时间。此外，单个BnaTFL1基因拷贝的敲除突变体显示出改变的植物结构。BnaTFL1突变体的植株高度，分支起始高度，分支数，角果数，每个角果的种子数和主要花序中角果的数量均显着降低。结论我们的结果表明BnaC03.TFL1负调节甘蓝型油菜的开花时间。BnaC03.TFL1与其他BnaTFL1旁系同源物对于控制工厂架构至关重要。TFL1负调节甘蓝型油菜的开花时间。BnaC03.TFL1与其他BnaTFL1旁系同源物对于控制工厂架构至关重要。TFL1负调节甘蓝型油菜的开花时间。BnaC03.TFL1与其他BnaTFL1旁系同源物对于控制工厂架构至关重要。