The equine encephalitis viruses, Venezuelan (VEEV), East (EEEV) and West (WEEV), belong to the genus alphavirus, family Togaviridae and still represent a threat for human and animal public health in the Americas. In both, these infections are characterized by high viremia, rash, fever, encephalitis and death. VEEV encephalitis is similar, clinically, to other arboviral diseases, such as dengue, Zika or chikungunya. Most of the alphaviruses are transmitted between vertebrates and mosquitoes. They are able to replicate in a wide number of hosts, including mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibian and arthropods. The VEEV has enzootic and epizootic transmission cycles. At the enzootic one, enzootic strains (subtype I, serotypes D-F and serotypes II-VI) are continuously circulating between mosquitoes and wild rodents in tropical forests and mangroves of the Americas. The main reseroivrs are wild rodent species of the subfamily Sigmodontinae. However, bats can be also accidental reservoirs of VEEV. In this article, we reviewed the main features, epidemiology, clinical aspects and the current perspectives of the VEEV.

中文翻译：

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委内瑞拉马脑炎病毒：热带美洲的问题尚未结束。

马脑炎病毒、委内瑞拉马脑炎病毒（VEEV）、东马脑炎病毒（EEEV）和西马脑炎病毒（WEEV）属于披膜病毒科甲病毒属，仍然对美洲人类和动物公共卫生构成威胁。这两种感染的特征都是高病毒血症、皮疹、发烧、脑炎和死亡。VEEV 脑炎在临床上与其他虫媒病毒疾病相似，例如登革热、寨卡病毒或基孔肯雅热。大多数甲病毒在脊椎动物和蚊子之间传播。它们能够在多种宿主中复制，包括哺乳动物、鸟类、爬行动物、两栖动物和节肢动物。VEEV 具有地方性和流行性传播周期。在地方性流行病中，地方性流行毒株（I 亚型、DF 血清型和 II-VI 血清型）在美洲热带森林和红树林的蚊子和野生啮齿动物之间持续传播。主要水库是锯齿动物亚科的野生啮齿动物。然而，蝙蝠也可能是 VEEV 的意外宿主。在本文中，我们回顾了 VEEV 的主要特征、流行病学、临床方面和当前的观点。