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Glycosaminoglycans are specific endosomal receptors for Yersinia pseudotuberculosis Cytotoxic Necrotizing Factor
bioRxiv - Pharmacology and Toxicology Pub Date : 2020-05-18 , DOI: 10.1101/2020.05.18.101790
Stefanie Kowarschik , Julian Schöllkopf , Thomas Müller , Songhai Tian , Julian Knerr , Hans Bakker , Stephan Rein , Min Dong , Stefan Weber , Robert Grosse , Gudula Schmidt

The Cytotoxic Necrotizing Factor Y (CNFY) is produced by the gram-negative, enteric pathogen Yersinia pseudotuberculosis . The bacterial toxin belongs to a family of deamidases, which constitutively activate Rho GTPases, thereby balancing inflammatory processes. We identified heparan sulfate proteoglycans as essential host cell factors for intoxication with CNFY. Using flow cytometry, microscopy, knockout cell lines, pulsed electron–electron double resonance and bio-layer interferometry, we studied the role of glucosaminoglycans in the intoxication process of CNFY. To analyze toxin-glucosaminoglycan interaction we utilized a truncated CNFY (CNFY 709-1014 ). Especially this C-terminal part of CNFY, which encompasses the catalytic activity, binds with high affinity to heparan sulfates. CNFY binding with the N-terminal domain to its protein receptor seems to induce a first conformational change supporting the interaction between the C-terminal domain and heparan sulfates, which seems sterically hindered in the full toxin. A second conformational change occurs by acidification of the endosome, probably allowing insertion of the hydrophobic regions of the toxin into the endosomal membrane. Our findings suggest that heparan sulfates play a major role for intoxication within the endosome, rather than being relevant for an interaction at the cell surface. Lastly, cleavage of heparin sulfate chains by heparanase is likely required for efficient uptake of the toxic enzyme into the cytosol of mammalian cells.

中文翻译:

糖胺聚糖是假性耶尔森氏菌细胞毒素坏死因子的特异内体受体

细胞毒性坏死因子Y(CNFY)由革兰氏阴性肠病原体耶尔森氏菌假结核耶尔森氏菌产生。细菌毒素属于脱酰胺酶家族,其组成性激活Rho GTPases,从而平衡炎症过程。我们确定硫酸乙酰肝素蛋白聚糖为CNFY中毒的必要宿主细胞因子。使用流式细胞术,显微镜检查,敲除细胞系,脉冲电子双电子共振和生物层干涉术,我们研究了葡糖胺聚糖在CNFY中毒过程中的作用。为了分析毒素-葡糖胺聚糖的相互作用,我们使用了截短的CNFY(CNFY 709-1014)。尤其是CNFY的C末端部分,具有催化活性,与硫酸乙酰肝素具有很高的亲和力。与其蛋白质受体的N末端结构域结合的CNFY似乎诱导了第一个构象变化,支持C末端结构域和硫酸乙酰肝素之间的相互作用,这似乎在空间上阻碍了全毒素的表达。通过内体的酸化发生第二种构象变化,可能使毒素的疏水区插入内体膜。我们的发现表明硫酸乙酰肝素在内体中毒中起主要作用,而不是与细胞表面的相互作用有关。最后,乙酰肝素酶切割硫酸肝素链可能是有效地将毒性酶吸收到哺乳动物细胞的细胞质中所必需的。在空间上似乎在全毒素中受阻。通过内体的酸化发生第二种构象变化,可能使毒素的疏水区插入内体膜。我们的发现表明硫酸乙酰肝素在内体中毒中起主要作用,而不是与细胞表面的相互作用有关。最后,乙酰肝素酶切割硫酸肝素链可能是有效地将毒性酶吸收到哺乳动物细胞的细胞质中所必需的。在空间上似乎在全毒素中受阻。通过内体的酸化发生第二种构象变化,可能使毒素的疏水区插入内体膜。我们的发现表明硫酸乙酰肝素在内体中毒中起主要作用,而不是与细胞表面的相互作用有关。最后,乙酰肝素酶切割硫酸肝素链可能是有效地将毒性酶吸收到哺乳动物细胞的细胞质中所必需的。而不是与细胞表面的相互作用有关。最后,乙酰肝素酶切割硫酸肝素链可能是有效地将毒性酶吸收到哺乳动物细胞的细胞质中所必需的。而不是与细胞表面的相互作用有关。最后,肝素硫酸盐酶切割硫酸肝素链可能是将毒性酶有效摄取到哺乳动物细胞的细胞质中所必需的。
更新日期:2020-05-18
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