Abstract For the last 40 years, the study of cooperative breeding (CB) in birds has proceeded primarily in the context of discovering the ecological, geographical, and behavioral drivers of helping. The advent of molecular tools in the early 1990s assisted in clarifying the relatedness of helpers to those helped, in some cases, confirming predictions of kin selection theory. Methods for genome-wide analysis of sequence variation, gene expression, and epigenetics promise to add new dimensions to our understanding of avian CB, primarily in the area of molecular and developmental correlates of delayed breeding and dispersal, as well as the ontogeny of achieving parental status in nature. Here, we outline key ways in which modern -omics approaches, in particular genome sequencing, transcriptomics, and epigenetic profiling such as ATAC-seq, can be used to add a new level of analysis of avian CB. Building on recent and ongoing studies of avian social behavior and sociogenomics, we review how high-throughput sequencing of a focal species or clade can provide a robust foundation for downstream, context-dependent destructive and non-destructive sampling of specific tissues or physiological states in the field for analysis of gene expression and epigenetics. -Omics approaches have the potential to inform not only studies of the diversification of CB over evolutionary time, but real-time analyses of behavioral interactions in the field or lab. Sociogenomics of birds represents a new branch in the network of methods used to study CB, and can help clarify ways in which the different levels of analysis of CB ultimately interact in novel and unexpected ways.

中文翻译：

---

鸟类合作繁育和亲代照顾的社会基因组学前景

摘要 过去 40 年来，鸟类合作繁殖 (CB) 的研究主要是在发现助人行为的生态、地理和行为驱动因素的背景下进行的。20 世纪 90 年代初分子工具的出现有助于澄清帮助者与帮助者之间的关系，在某些情况下，证实了亲缘选择理论的预测。对序列变异、基因表达和表观遗传学进行全基因组分析的方法有望为我们对鸟类 CB 的理解增加新的维度，主要是在延迟繁殖和传播的分子和发育相关性以及实现亲代的个体发育领域。自然界中的地位。在这里，我们概述了现代组学方法（特别是基因组测序、转录组学和表观遗传分析（例如 ATAC-seq））可用于将禽类 CB 分析提高到新水平的关键方法。基于最近和正在进行的鸟类社会行为和社会基因组学研究，我们回顾了焦点物种或进化枝的高通量测序如何为特定组织或生理状态的下游、上下文相关的破坏性和非破坏性采样提供坚实的基础。基因表达和表观遗传学分析领域。-组学方法不仅有可能为 CB 在进化过程中的多样化研究提供信息，而且有可能为现场或实验室中行为相互作用的实时分析提供信息。鸟类社会基因组学代表了用于研究 CB 的方法网络中的一个新分支，并且可以帮助阐明不同级别的 CB 分析最终以新颖且意想不到的方式相互作用的方式。