Studying the dermal skeleton in fish is valuable for phylogenetic specification. The current study describes the detailed structure of the plecostomus dermal skeleton, including its morphogenesis and distribution in the skin. The denticles have a crown and a basal part and are embedded in bony depressions, to which they are attached by denticle ligaments. During denticle morphogenesis, denticle papillae formed from denticle precursor cells align in two cellular layers: an outer ameloblast precursor layer and an inner odontoblast precursor layer. The ameloblast precursors and odontoblast precursors differentiate and secrete enamel and dentine, respectively. We used different histochemical techniques, including Crossmon's trichrome staining, Weigert–Van Gieson staining, periodic acid–Schiff (PAS) staining, combined Alcian blue (AB; pH 2.5)/PAS staining, Weigert–Van Gieson staining, Mallory trichrome staining, and AB staining to distinguish the dentine and denticle ligaments. We used acridine orange to detect lysosome activity during denticle eruption. Transmission electron microscopy was used to detect the denticle ultrastructure, and scanning electron microscopy was used to detect the topographic distributions of different types of dermal tissues in different anatomical regions.

中文翻译：

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Pleco (Hypostomus plecostomus) 真皮板的形态学和组织化学特征

研究鱼类的真皮骨骼对于系统发育规范很有价值。目前的研究描述了 plecostomus 真皮骨骼的详细结构，包括其在皮肤中的形态发生和分布。小齿有一个冠部和一个基部，并嵌入在骨凹陷中，它们通过小齿韧带附着在这些凹陷上。在小齿形态发生过程中，由小齿前体细胞形成的小齿乳头排列在两个细胞层中：外成釉细胞前体层和内成牙本质细胞前体层。成釉细胞前体和成牙本质细胞前体分别分化和分泌牙釉质和牙本质。我们使用了不同的组织化学技术，包括 Crossmon 的三色染色、Weigert-Van Gieson 染色、高碘酸-希夫 (PAS) 染色、联合阿尔新蓝 (AB; pH 2. 5)/PAS染色、Weigert-Van Gieson染色、Mallory三色染色和AB染色以区分牙本质和牙本质韧带。我们使用吖啶橙来检测小齿喷发期间的溶酶体活性。透射电镜用于检测细齿超微结构，扫描电镜用于检测不同类型真皮组织在不同解剖区域的形貌分布。