Government policies during the COVID-19 pandemic have drastically altered patterns of energy demand around the world. Many international borders were closed and populations were confined to their homes, which reduced transport and changed consumption patterns. Here we compile government policies and activity data to estimate the decrease in CO₂ emissions during forced confinements. Daily global CO₂ emissions decreased by –17% (–11 to –25% for ±1σ) by early April 2020 compared with the mean 2019 levels, just under half from changes in surface transport. At their peak, emissions in individual countries decreased by –26% on average. The impact on 2020 annual emissions depends on the duration of the confinement, with a low estimate of –4% (–2 to –7%) if prepandemic conditions return by mid-June, and a high estimate of –7% (–3 to –13%) if some restrictions remain worldwide until the end of 2020. Government actions and economic incentives postcrisis will likely influence the global CO₂ emissions path for decades.

COVID-19大流行期间的政府政策已大大改变了全球能源需求的格局。许多国际边界被关闭，人口被限制在其家中，这减少了运输并改变了消费方式。在这里，我们汇总了政府政策和活动数据，以估算强制性禁闭期间CO ₂排放量的减少。每日全球CO ₂排放量减少了17％（-11至-25％为±1 σ），与2020年的平均水平相比，到2020年4月上旬，接近地面运输变化的一半。在各个国家的排放量达到高峰时，平均减少了–26％。对2020年年排放量的影响取决于禁闭的时间，如果大流行前病情在6月中旬恢复，估计值低至–4％（– 2至–7％），估计值高至–7％（–3如果到2020年底之前仍在全球范围内保持某些限制，则为–13％）。危机后的政府行动和经济激励措施可能会影响全球数十年的CO ₂排放路径。