Understanding the physicochemical characteristics of oil-based cuttings (OBCs) is an important foundation for subsequent treatment and management. The macro- and microscopic properties of white oil-based cuttings (WOBCs) and diesel-based cuttings (DBCs) after the different pretreatment steps have been assessed using scanning electron microscopy. The organic and inorganic compositions of OBCs have been analyzed using X-ray diffraction, Fourier-transform infrared spectrometry, and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Inorganic matter (SiO₂, BaSO₄, and CaCO₃), alkanes, aromatic compounds, and water were the main components of OBCs. The organic content (26.14%) and alkane content of the WOBCs were higher than that of the DBCs, whereas for the inorganic content (70.87%), the reverse was true. The macro- and micromorphologies of OBCs were quite different because their oil and water contents were different. The oil contents of OBCs decreased in the order A1 (14.64%) > A3 (12.67%) > A2 (11.06%) and B1 (9.19%) > B3 (8.94%) > B2 (4.66%); the water contents decreased in the order A1 (2.99%) > A3 (2.19%) > A2 (1.09%) and B1 (2.30%) > B3 (1.87%) > B2 (1.09%). Moreover, a skid-mounted treatment technology for OBCs was proposed. The results can be a scientific guidance for the treatment and management of OBCs.

了解油基钻屑（OBC）的理化特性是后续治疗和管理的重要基础。经过不同的预处理步骤后，已使用扫描电子显微镜评估了白油基钻屑（WOBC）和柴油基钻屑（DBC）的宏观和微观性能。使用X射线衍射，傅里叶变换红外光谱和气相色谱-质谱法分析了OBC的有机和无机成分。无机物（SiO ₂，BaSO ₄和CaCO ₃），烷烃，芳香族化合物和水是OBC的主要成分。WOBC的有机含量（26.14％）和烷烃含量高于DBC，而无机含量（70.87％）则相反。OBC的宏观和微观形态差异很大，因为它们的油和水含量不同。OBCs的油含量依次为A1（14.64％）> A3（12.67％）> A2（11.06％）和B1（9.19％）> B3（8.94％）> B2（4.66％）; 水分含量从大到小依次为A1（2.99％）> A3（2.19％）> A2（1.09％）和B1（2.30％）> B3（1.87％）> B2（1.09％）。此外，提出了一种用于OBC的撬装式处理技术。结果可以为OBC的治疗和管理提供科学指导。