ABSTRACT The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of penconazole fungicide at a low dose (2.5 mg/kg b.w.) during embryogenesis in either the pre- or post-implantation of embryos. Females were determined pregnant according to the presence of vaginal plug and then grouped into control and penconazole-exposures at high doses (30, 20, 10, and 5 mg/kg b.w.). These high doses provoked foetoresorptionin the first experiment. Thus, a low dose (2.5 mg/kg b. w.) was used in either the pre- or post-implantation of embryos to clarify the embryotoxicity without mortality on the developing brain and eye. Results indicate a developmental delay of the cerebral hemisphere, hippocampus, cerebellum (lobulation) and induced retinopathy during eye development in post-implantation of penconazole treated group. Also, the effect of penconazole at low dose provoked a decrease in the expression of α-synuclein in the hippocampus, cerebellum, and ganglion cell layer of the developing brain and eye. In conclusion, exposure to PEN fungicide during pregnancy at a dose (2.5 mg/kg) induces alterations in the developing brain and eye tissues.

中文翻译：

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小鼠胚胎植入前和植入后戊康唑暴露后的发育神经毒性

摘要 本研究旨在评估低剂量戊菌唑杀菌剂 (2.5 mg/kg bw) 在胚胎植入前或植入后胚胎发生过程中的作用。根据阴道塞的存在确定雌性怀孕，然后分为对照组和高剂量戊康唑暴露组（30、20、10 和 5 毫克/千克体重）。在第一个实验中，这些高剂量引起了胎儿吸收。因此，在胚胎植入前或植入后使用低剂量（2.5 毫克/千克体重）来阐明胚胎毒性，而不会对发育中的大脑和眼睛造成死亡。结果表明，戊康唑治疗组植入后眼睛发育过程中大脑半球、海马、小脑（分叶）和诱发的视网膜病变发育延迟。还，低剂量戊康唑的作用引起发育中的大脑和眼睛的海马、小脑和神经节细胞层中α-突触核蛋白的表达降低。总之，怀孕期间暴露于一定剂量 (2.5 mg/kg) 的 PEN 杀菌剂会导致发育中的大脑和眼组织发生改变。