Armored with skin and bone: A combined histological and μCT ‐study of the exceptional integument of the Antsingy leaf chameleon Brookesia perarmata (Angel, 1933),Journal of Morphology

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Armored with skin and bone: A combined histological and μCT ‐study of the exceptional integument of the Antsingy leaf chameleon Brookesia perarmata (Angel, 1933)
Journal of Morphology ( IF 1.5 ) Pub Date : 2020-05-19 , DOI: 10.1002/jmor.21135
Pia J Schucht ₁ , Peter T Rühr _{2,

3} , Benedikt Geier ₄ , Frank Glaw ₅ , Markus Lambertz _{1,

6}

Affiliation

Madagascar's endemic ground‐dwelling leaf chameleons (Brookesiinae: Brookesia Gray, 1865 + Palleon Glaw, et al., Salamandra, 2013, 49, pp. 237–238) form the sister taxon to all other chameleons (i.e., the Chamaeleoninae). They possess a limited ability of color change, a rather dull coloration, and a nonprehensile tail assisting locomotion in the leaf litter on the forest floor. Most Brookesia species can readily be recognized by peculiar spiky dorsolateral projections (“Rückensäge”), which are caused by an aberrant vertebral structure and might function as body armor to prevent predation. In addition to a pronounced Rückensäge, the Antsingy leaf chameleon Brookesia perarmata (Angel, 1933) exhibits conspicuous, acuminate tubercle scales on the lateral flanks and extremities, thereby considerably enhancing the overall armored appearance. Such structures are exceptional within the Chamaeleonidae and despite an appreciable interest in the integument of chameleons in general, the morphology of these integumentary elements remains shrouded in mystery. Using various conventional and petrographic histological approaches combined with μCT‐imaging, we reveal that the tubercle scales consist of osseous, multicusped cores that are embedded within the dermis. Based on this, they consequently can be interpreted as osteoderms, which to the best of our knowledge is the first record of such for the entire Chamaeleonidae and only the second one for the entire clade Iguania. The combination of certain aspects of tissue composition (especially the presence of large, interconnected, and marrow‐filled cavities) together with the precise location within the dermis (being completely enveloped by the stratum superficiale), however, discriminate the osteoderms of B. perarmata from those known for all other lepidosaurs.

中文翻译：

皮肤和骨骼装甲：Antsingy 叶变色龙 Brookesia perarmata 特殊外皮的组织学和 μCT 联合研究（Angel，1933 年）

马达加斯加特有的地栖叶变色龙 (Brookesiinae: Brookesia Gray, 1865 + Palleon Glaw, et al., Salamandra, 2013, 49, pp. 237–238) 是所有其他变色龙（即 Chamaonele）的姐妹分类群。它们具有有限的颜色变化能力，相当暗淡的颜色，以及在森林地面上的落叶中辅助移动的不可抓握的尾巴。大多数 Brookesia 物种很容易通过特殊的尖刺背外侧突起 (“Rückensäge”) 识别，这是由异常的椎骨结构引起的，可能起到防弹衣的作用以防止捕食。除了明显的 Rückensäge 之外，Antsingy 叶变色龙 Brookesia perarmata（Angel，1933 年）在侧翼和四肢上表现出明显的、渐尖的结节鳞片，从而大大增强了整体装甲外观。这种结构在 Chamaeleonidae 中是特殊的，尽管人们对变色龙的外皮有明显的兴趣，但这些外皮元素的形态仍然笼罩在神秘之中。使用各种传统和岩相组织学方法结合 μCT 成像，我们发现结节鳞片由嵌入真皮内的多尖骨核组成。基于此，它们因此可以被解释为骨皮，据我们所知，这是整个 Chamaeleonidae 的第一个记录，而整个 Iguania 进化枝的第二个记录。组织成分的某些方面的组合（特别是存在大的、相互关联的、

更新日期：2020-05-19

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