Thrips are tiny insects from the order Thysanoptera (Hexapoda: Condylognatha), including many sap‐sucking pests that are causing increasing damage to crops worldwide. In contrast to their closest relatives of Hemiptera (Hexapoda: Condylognatha), including numerous sap‐sucking species, there are few genomic resources available for thrips. In this study, we assembled the first thrips genome at the chromosomal level from the melon thrips, Thrips palmi , a notorious pest in agriculture, using PacBio long‐read and Illumina short‐read sequences. The assembled genome was 237.85 Mb in size, with 1,324 contigs and a contig N50 of 567 kb. All contigs were assembled into 16 linkage groups assisted by the Hi‐C technique. In total, 16,333 protein‐coding genes were predicted, of which 88.13% were functionally annotated. Among sap‐sucking insects, polyphagous species (e.g., T. palmi and Bemisia tabaci ) usually possess more detoxification genes than oligophagous species (e.g., Diaphorina citri ). The polyphagous thrips genomes characterized so far have relatively more detoxification genes in the GST and CCE families than polyphagous aphids, but they have fewer UGTs. HSP genes, especially from the Hsp70s group, have expanded in thrips compared to other hemipterans. These differences point to different genetic mechanisms associated with detoxification and stress responses in these two groups of sap‐sucking insects. The expansion of these gene families may contribute to the rapid development of pesticide resistance in thrips, as supported by a transcriptome comparison of resistant and sensitive populations of T. palmi . The high‐quality genome developed here provides an invaluable resource for understanding the ecology, genetics, and evolution of thrips as well as their relatives more generally.

中文翻译：

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瓜蓟马基因组的染色体水平组装可提供洞悉树汁吸食生活方式和杀虫剂抗性的见解。

蓟马是Th翅目（六翅目：Con科）中的微小昆虫，其中包括许多会吸汁液的害虫，对全世界的农作物造成越来越大的破坏。与半翅目的近亲（六足纲：孔雀科）相比，包括众多的树液吸吮物种，蓟马的基因组资源很少。在这项研究中，我们从瓜蓟马蓟马（Thrips palmi）的染色体水平上组装了第一个蓟马基因组是使用PacBio长读序列和Illumina短读序列的农业中臭名昭著的害虫。组装的基因组大小为237.85 Mb，具有1,324个重叠群和567 kb的重叠群N50。在Hi-C技术的辅助下，所有重叠群均被分为16个连锁群。总共预测了16,333个蛋白质编码基因，其中88.13％具有功能注释。在吸汁的昆虫中，多食性物种（例如棕榈棕和烟粉虱）的排毒基因通常比少食性物种（例如柠檬黄）多。）。到目前为止，表征的多食性蓟马基因组在GST和CCE家族中具有比多食性蚜虫相对更多的排毒基因，但是它们的UGT较少。与其他半足动物相比，HSP基因，尤其是来自Hsp70s群体的基因，在蓟马中的数量有所增加。这些差异表明在这两组吸吮昆虫中，与排毒和应激反应相关的遗传机制不同。这些基因家族的扩展可能有助于蓟马中农药抗性的快速发展，这是由棕榈实抗性和敏感种群的转录组比较所支持的。这里开发的高质量基因组为了解蓟马及其亲戚的生态，遗传和进化提供了宝贵的资源。